# abstract_info

abstract_title:
Impact Assessment of Natural Resources Management Technologies in Crop-Livestock Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas

organization:
National Institute for Agricultural Research

abstract:
Barley-livestock farming system (barley/fallow or continuous barley) is typical in dry areas of WANA region. This has resulted in degradation of natural resources and decreased productivity, which in turn has contributed to food and feed insecurity and dependent on costly concentrated feed to supplement animal feed and/or reduce flock size. The overall result would be increased poverty and reduced livelihoods of rural communities.
Research at INRA and ICARDA has developed technologies that improve crop/livestock systems to enhance and stabilize production and reduce pressure on the natural resources. Alley cropping of Atriplex with barley is an NRM (natural Research Management) technology that has been introduced to Morocco through Machreq/Maghreb project during 1995-2003 period. Potential benefits of the introduced technology are to increase barley production, reduce soil erosion, improve soil organic matter, reduce feeding costs, emergency feed during drought seasons, and reduce grazing pressure.
The objectives of this topic is to better understand the adoption of this NRM technology, assess the impacts attributed to the use of the technology, and evaluate the environmental effects of the alley cropping system. The estimated economic IRR is around 27% with a financial IRR about 61%.


abstract_title:
The impact  of conservation of  natural resources in the strategy for reduction of the poverty in DRC

organization:
Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature ( ICCN )

more_authors:
I WISH TO GET ALL INFORMATION BY E-MAIL ADRESS OR FAX NUMBER.
I WANT ROUNDTABLE SESSION FOR MY PRESENTATION

abstract:
The Democratic Republic of Congo became one of the poorest countries in the world. The improvement of the social and economic conditions of the population of the DRC is  concerning  the government of Congo. 
Any durable development depends on the maintenance of a healthy and balanced environment which can ensure the essential ecological functions. 
The protected areas constitute a reserve and plugs to provide durably  the ecological functions and the useful natural resources. The development must cause, develop and help these various communities in order to provide them in an equitable way of opportunities for the development and the improvement of their social and economic conditions. The protected areas can reprinted an important source of income for the government and the rural populations through various mechanisms (allowed forestry development or hunting, allowed of visit of the national parks, direct and indirect incomes of tourisms of vision). The development and the reduction of poverty must take into account the maintenance and the natural environmental protection through the management of the areas protected in favour of the local population and especially with the populations autochthones. 

Key words: natural resources, source of income: reduction of local poverty populations and autochtones, durable development

suggested_topic:
Development and Poverty Reduction Issues


abstract_title:
Survey on epidemics of wildlife as a management tool in protected areas  and to fight against poverty in  Democratic Republic of Congo.

organization:
Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la nature ( ICCN )

abstract:
The diseases of wildlife were strongly established in many countries, in particular by the transborder propagation. Some of them are likely to have low registers reflected on the health of the livestock or on the public health. They are also likely a negative effect on the conservation of the forest ecosystems and wildlife. It is consequently essential to have a good knowledge and control of the pathogenic agents present and to know their effects on wildlife, the domestic animals and the man in order to prevent the epidemics and to fight against poverty by the production of animal proteins. 
We must keep in mind that the virus can benefit from the wars, the civil disorders and the natural disasters. 
All these disorders of which we live unfortunately in Democratic Republic of Congo involve migrations will intra or inter-official cattle, which is often used of spoils or provisions. We have a national network of idémiosurveillance (RENES ) in order to supervise diseases which cause economic losses on the development of the DRC and to fight again poverty. 
The wildlife epidémiosurveillance  became an important tool to manage durably  the biodiversity and to fight again the poverty  in DRC.


abstract_title:
Impact assessment of hydrocarbon pipelines

organization:
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

abstract:
Hydrocarbon pipelines represent some of the largest projects now being developed, both geographically and financially. These projects are also some of the most controversial because of the geopolitics that underlies their justification and routing, rather than their potential environmental impacts. Public participation in the impact assessment of these projects is being used to question these geopolitical choices, as well as the validity of the assessment, and often calling for the assessments to be at the strategic scale. This topic will examine these issues, firstly by presenting some of the projects and secondly through a panel discussion. There will be opportunities to describe pipeline projects and to examine methodological issues in the impact assessment of these large projects, public participation, the regulatory context, ethics, the role of international financing institutions and more.


abstract:
Many larger activities have significant adverse transboundary impacts. Several well-known international agreements provide for transboundary notification and consultation. The UNECE Convention on EIA in a Transboundary Context (Espoo, 1991) and the EU Directive on EIA (97/11/EC) provide for transboundary EIA of projects, while the UNECE Protocol (Kiev, 2003) and the EU Directive on SEA (2001/42/EC) provide for the transboundary SEA of plans and programmes. However, many other regional multilateral environmental agreements, particularly for seas and river basins, provide for transboundary EIA. This topic will consider the complexity of the regulatory framework for transboundary impact assessment and examine some of the common issues in application: time frames, language and legal differences between neighbouring countries. The expected format will comprise presentations and group discussions.

suggested_topic:
Environment IA Law, Policies & Practice


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN  Measuring and monitoring environmental justice

organization:
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, University of Strathclyde

abstract:
WITHDRAWN  International recognition that those who live in socially disadvantaged circumstances also tend to live in poorer quality environments has led to policy and regulation encouraging progress towards environmental justice (e.g. in the USA, South Africa, India and Scotland). Undoubtedly political power and poverty influence the distribution of environmental quality, which in turn affects the sustainability of the environment and society. What is unclear is whether impact assessment and regulation can measure, mitigate or prevent unequal distributions of environmental quality.

Measuring the distribution of environmental quality poses particular problems, many of which already plague impact assessment. For example, can distribution of impacts, taking account of the cocktail of potential impacts in any one area, be meaningfully measured in relation to sensitivity of populations? Can real and perceived disadvantage be appropriately represented? This workshop will explore methodical issues related to environmental justice, in particular if and how environmental justice can be predicted, mitigated and monitored. The workshop aims to engage not only those that have tried to measure and mitigate environmental justice in EIA, SEA, SIA or HIA, but also those responsible for the regulation of the environment in general, so experiences can be traded and new approaches explored.

add_info:
Anna McLauchlan, is undertaking a UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) PhD studentship (under the supervision of Dr Elsa João) investigating the links between social and environmental disadvantage in Scotland. The 3-year project (Oct 05 – Sep 08) is a partnership between the University of Strathclyde, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research (SNIFFER). It aims to organise and analyse spatial data relevant to environmental justice, to enable SEPA to formulate an appropriate contribution to the prevention or mitigation of environmental injustice. In addition the project aims to inform wider national and international debates about embedding environmental justice as a factor in decision-making. 

For the workshop we would like people submit papers but we also intend to approach some people directly.

Withdrawn per Arne.

a2_org:
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, University of Strathclyde


abstract_title:
Improving the Practice of Integrating land use planning and impact assessment

abstract:
The integration of land use planning and impact assessment for infrastructure projects seems like a natural mixture of groundwork and prudence.  Who couldn’t resist going to one public meeting and preparing one report to discuss the new road, sewage treatment and the form of a new housing development?  As it turns out there are pitfalls for the IA practitioner.  Using Canadian municipal examples, this session will identify the key weaknesses of integrating the practices of land use planning and impact assessment and propose practice techniques to avoid them.  This session is designed to assist you to move your integrated approach to a successful conclusion.

suggested_topic:
Land Use and Coastal Zone Management and Planning


abstract_title:
Can genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be safely used to alleviate poverty?

organization:
International Food Policy Research Institute

abstract:
The purpose of the panel is to stimulate discussion on the safe environmental and human health use of GMOs developed to alleviated poverty.

Key questions include:
1. The global regulation on GMOs.
2. EIAs and SEAs for GMOs.
3. Bioconfinement strategies.
4. Poverty reduction potential.
5. 6. The role of development organizations.

Panel members will be invited to represent different perspectives on the issue of the potential safe use of GMOs for poverty reduction.


abstract_title:
Public Participation - New Spaces of Governance

abstract:
Public participation in IA is now required by many institutions and much legislation.  People and organizations ask for their involvement during the IA process at different stages of a project life-cycle, from the strategic planning phase, to the operation and follow-up phases. These requirements from both decision-takers and public create new spaces of governance where values and political power are expressed. Hybrid forums, multi-actors focus groups, follow-up committees, and Internet discussion groups are amongst these new spaces, as well as more traditional participation practices.

During the PP sessions, we would like:

•	To share about the ways PP, through these traditional and new spaces of governance, may contribute to poverty reduction and empower communities towards a more sustainable environment;
•	To learn about the institutional and organisational design of these new spaces of governance;
•	To identify and debate about the ethical challenges in public participation;
•	To hear about case studies from around the world having experienced some ways, traditional or new, of public participation in IA.

We hope that this forum will bring to the agenda new challenges in public participation and capacity-building, and that it will improve networking for a better practice.

add_info:
Pierre André and Bert Enserink are respectively chair and vice-chair of the Public Participation Section.


abstract_title:
Sectoral Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (SEA/EMP)

abstract:
A safe and reliable trunk road network supports sustainable economic development, but road projects (including maintenance activities) may also have negative environmental or social impacts. 

The Ghana Highway Authority (GHA) with technical assistance from the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) initiated this Sectoral Environmental Assessment and Management Plan (SEA/EMP) to ensure that the environmental and social impacts that arise from maintenance activities are addressed and managed in a timely manner. 

In line with the legal and administrative framework of EPA, Ghana, the undertaking was assessed as requiring a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 

The methodology chosen for the assessment relied heavily on an extensive stakeholder-involvement process. This SEA/EMP, as submitted, reflects the voices of our stakeholders. 

The impacts of GHA’s road maintenance works were identified and categorized through an assessment of literature, field observations, checklists, and stakeholder interviews as follows:
 Health, safety, and accidents;
 Pollution;
 Damage to existing natural resources and places of cultural value;
 Inadequate local benefits;
 Access problems and traffic congestion;
 Damage from water.

The components of the EMP are
•	Six (6) category-of-work- -summary EMPs
•	Detailed mitigation and monitoring measures 
•	Actions plans 
•	Existing and Special Specifications for Environmental and Social Management


abstract:
Through the last years some authors come up with the hypothesis that carrying out an SEA leads on the long run to better governance and a learning process inside the organisation with regard to environmental awareness. So as a consequence, even SEA has no direct effect on the ongoing plan or programme, there is an increasing consciousness in the organisation.

One aspect of the session should therefore look at empirical evidence out of other impact assessment or first upcoming impression on SEA experience. Furthermore, the session will base on the former results of the Session “Search for Appropriate Organisation” in Prague 2005.

Key questions will be raised:

1.	How does SEA contribute to social and organisational learning?
2.	Is the learning process dependent more on the individual actors, the kind of organisation or which role the organisation is playing in the process?
3.	Which institutional development will promote learning and better governance?

Key words: governance, SEA, Impact Assessment, social and organisational learning


abstract_title:
The Advancement of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Developing Countries

abstract:
Rational

Developing countries have many differences in context and conditions when compared to the developed world. They also differ significantly when compared to each other, reflected in their various forms and tools for decision-making. Impact Assessment is one of such tools, and the process of making IA appropriate and effective in each society is very crucial.

The general theme adopted at IAIA’06, relating power, poverty and sustainability, is particularly enlightening to address how developing countries propose to use IA to balance crucial development issues at levels of strategic decision-making, as well as to review the opportunities to use and apply IA at such strategic levels. Various developing countries have been working in applying and developing SEA for their society.

To highlight current efforts in adopting innovative and adapted forms of SEA in developing countries, and to strengthen the learning process and the linkages across SEA practitioners across the world, a Theme Forum is proposed to be held in Stavanger, during IAIA’06. Several SEA practitioners from the developing world will be invited to share their experience and to discuss innovative ways to progress in the application of IA to levels of strategic decision-making.

add_info:
Draft Programme

9.00 - 9.10	Introduction to the Theme Forum
9.10 - 9.30	Keynote Speech on Progresses and Challenges in SEA in Developing Countries, by Izabella Teixeira, Brazil
9.30 - 10.00	Cases Presentation from two countries
10.00 - 10.30	Break
10.30 - 11.00	Cases Presentation from two countries
11.00 - 11.50	Open Discussion
		Facilitator: a representative from developing country
11.50 - 12.00	Concluding Remarks

Theme Forum proponents (co-chairs)

Suphakij Nuntavorakarn, Thailand 
Maria Rosario Partidario, Portugal

Formal speakers will be invited, in a total of 4 to 6 papers, from Brazil (keynote speaker), Chile or Colombia, Thailand, Lebanon, Kenya or Ghana or other developing countries.


abstract_title:
Protected Areas,  Adaptive Management Areas and Sustainability

abstract:
Our research illustrates a view of people and nature relationships associated with Adaptive Management Areas and Protected Areas. It involves four case studies in developed countries and four case studies in developing countries, which are Yellowstone National Park, Banff National Park, Cevennes Biosphere Reserve in France, Hayfork Adaptive Management Area in California, Banc d’Arguin National Park in Mauritania, Djoudj National Birds Park in Senegal, Mounts Nimba Biosphere Reserve in Guinea, and The Ron Palm Agro-forestry Management Region in Niger. Based on these case studies, several factors, such as knowledge of local people, socioeconomic context and modern techniques, influence differently the sustainability of renewable natural resources in developed countries and developing countries. Our research affirms that adaptive management areas and protected areas are two different concepts, which can learn from each other. Adaptive management areas can learn from protected areas specifically as maintaining ecological integrity is among its objectives, and protected areas can learn from adaptive management areas in the sense of development in their peripheral zones. Fundamentally, our research concludes that sustainability requires reconciling the long-term vision of national and international interests in protection of natural resources and the short-term needs of local communities.


abstract:
There is increasing interest in the management of the social and economic impacts of industrial activity, including the distribution of the resultant employment and business. More and more national, state and aboriginal authorities are requiring that the benefits of such activity reach their citizens and local companies. Those living near industrial projects are demanding that, as those most likely to experience any negative effects, they should receive first priority for benefits. Lastly, international financial institutions are requiring that project proponents seek to provide industrial benefits to affected populations, and companies are paying greater attention to the issue because of corporate social responsibility concerns.

This session will discuss these pressures and requirements, the approaches, methods and tools that are being used to deliver industrial benefits, and related issues and concerns. This will include discussion of the place of industrial benefits planning within socio-economic impact assessment, and the use of such tools as benefits plans, impacts and benefits agreements, and diversity and equity plans. Examples will be drawn from the oil and gas, mining and hydro-power industries. The goal is to further our understanding of, and share experiences and lessons with respect to, industrial benefits planning.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN          Renewable Energy  -  How to assess small projects and to ensure their sustainability

job:
Head, Operational Support; Environment Department

abstract:
WITHDRAWN  EIA is an established and proven tool for large energy projects, e.g. power stations. The situation is different when it comes to small projects, particularly small-scale renewables projects (mostly small hydro-power or wind-power installations). Such   projects are now developed in great numbers and in many countries throughout both the developed and developing world, triggered by national and international policies and CO2 reduction targets. Despite their benefits with regard to Greenhouse gas reductions, their overall sustainability needs to be critically assessed to avoid potentially massive negative long-term impacts for the sake of emission reductions. What is required is a set of critical yet realistic environmental and social assessment tools which would separate sustainable project from such where the benefit is massively outweighed by future disadvantages to the local environment and the local population. Current national and international legal due diligence requirements are often insufficient to identify problem projects and standard environmental planning instruments such as SEA, EIA and SIA are rarely (if ever) used. This paper outlines how an International Financial Institution (which is increasingly faced to make investment decisions on renewables projects) is addressing these issues.


abstract:
Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a tool that can be used to promote business greening, to monitor compliance with applicable regulations and standards, and to work toward environmental sustainability.  During development of its EMS a corporation should undertake a detailed process to identify activities that create environmental impacts and develop specific goals, objectives and targets to address significant impacts.  Key performance indicators can be developed within a corporate or project-level EMS to assist with measuring and demonstrating success in meeting EMS objectives.  Responsible practices suggest that corporations should not only ensure their projects are environmentally sustainable through the use of impact assessment, but they should also manage their own corporate environmental impacts through the development of an EMS.  In addition to hearing case studies of how EIA findings have been incorporated into EMS, examples of how corporations have integrated societal needs into corporate EMS will also be explored.  Practical applications of EMS will be presented to show how corporations transition from corporate EMS to project-specific objectives and actions, and how the use of EMS can help promote transparency and accountability of Project Sponsor activities.


abstract_title:
Environmental impact assessment for oil industry in Sudan

add_contd:
environmental Engineering and sustainable infrastructure

abstract:
Abstract:
   Abstract:
     The Sudan is largest country in Africa that cover a vast expanse over the Saharan and sub-Saharan region that extended 1000 miles east to west and 1200 miles north to south. 
   Sudan has proven oil reserves totalling 563 million barrels. Oil industry in Sudan is an important sector in the country's economy as Sudan has three refineries and imports both refined product and crude oil but the contribution of this oil field to GNP has never been disclosed to the public neither has their negative impacts on the environment.
 With this huge oil reserve, the country should be of high GNP but in fact Sudan is considered as one of the poorest counties of the world. It ranks among the 25 poorest countries.
   environmental impacts of oil industry have been given special consideration. Therefore Environmental impact assessment study has become perquisite before the establishing of any oil development project.
  Environment Impact Assessments  are usually carried out on projects like the pipeline, but by their nature they have not been conducted in compliance to health, safety and environment. Furthermore, the EIA Studies are not  effective instrument to reduce or mitigate environmental impacts of oil industry in Sudan.

add_info:
This paper is about the EIA for sudanese oil industry.


abstract_title:
Success stories in the application of EIA to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.

abstract:
AFF Program Elements:

EIA can go far to reduce and even eliminate degradation caused by ill-planned projects and activities (and even policies and legislation) in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. To date the benefits fall far short of the potential to do this.

Concurrent sessions will feature:

a) Experience which gives us useful lessons that require or encourage EIA on new initiatives. In particular, papers are solicited on success stories that show the beneficial application of EIA to correct chronic environmentallly degrading practices in these sectors.

b) A joint session is planned with the Biodiversity Section to examine the impacts and mitigation of the effects of the sectors` pervasive activities on biodiversity and habitats.

a2_addcontd:
Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences


abstract_title:
Power, Poverty and Sustainability – the importance of biodiversity

abstract:
Biodiversity issues are inextricably linked to the key themes of IAIA’06: much of the world’s population gets their energy direct from biological resources. A considerable percentage of the world’s economy and of the needs of the poor are derived directly from biodiversity, eg food from wild and cultivated biodiversity, which therefore has a key role to play in poverty reduction; and conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are recognised as essential tenets for more sustainable patterns of development.  

The biodiversity stream sessions will explore these issues and the potential role of impact assessment in illuminating the relationships and communicating them to decision-makers.  Specific sessions are planned on particular issues (for more information see the separate abstracts) and papers on these topics would be particularly welcome:

-Impact assessment and biodiversity – delivering the Millennium Development Goals and the 2010 Biodiversity Target

-Biodiversity and Power generation

-The EU Birds and Habitats Directives and impact assessment

-Nordic biodiversity 

-Outputs from the CBBIA (capacity building for biodiversity in impact assessment) programme 

-Indigenous Issues and biodiversity (Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity Sections joint session)

-Forestry and Fisheries – relationships with "wild" biodiversity (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Biodiversity Sections joint session)


abstract:
Capacity Building for Biodiversity and Impact Assessment is a Program administered by IAIA with grants from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  CBBIA provides practical and demand-driven support to developing countries, by working with practitioners, policy makers and other stakeholders to share, collate and synthesize information and experiences, build expertise and promote good practice.  It includes activities geared towards ensuring that IA has an important role in implementing the biodiversity-related global conventions as well as helping to ensure that development is planned and implemented with biodiversity ‘in mind.’ In this session recipients of CBBIA Grants will present the results of their activities, including projects to review the use of Impact Assessment as a tool for the regulating activities in and around protected areas. The Session will also provide an opportunity for others to present their experiences on capacity building and empowerment for biodiversity and impact assessment


abstract_title:
The EU Birds and Habitats Directives and impact assessment

abstract:
This session will look at the relationships between Article 6 /“appropriate assessment” required under the EU Birds and Habitats Directives and EIA/SEA.  Practical examples of the different approaches developing in different European countries would be particularly welcome.  Especially on the issues of compensation for habitat loss, an issue that the European Commission is currently considering with a view to providing more detailed guidance to Member States; and the adoption of joint procedures for Article 6 and broader EIA/SEA assessments.


abstract_title:
Impact assessment and biodiversity – delivering the Millennium Development Goals and the 2010 Biodiversity Target

organization:
SNV, Netherlands Development Organisation -building capacity to alleviate poverty

abstract:
Participants are invited to submit papers relating to the following questions, which will be used to focus this session: 

-	Most of the MDGs have links with biodiversity, not only the goal of 'ensuring environmental sustainability'.  How can IA make the links explicit, promote a win–win situation and raise awareness of these critical links?
-	Biodiversity, poverty and resilience - how can IA best safeguard socio-ecological resilience in working to meet the MDGs?
-Biodiversity issues in IA:  Can biodiversity IA help alleviate poverty? 
-	Which key areas of biodiversity IA should we be striving to improve, to deliver the MDGs? - a) process, b) information, c) stakeholder involvement, d) decision making?
-	At what level/s should we be concentrating capacity building effort through IA and consideration of biodiversity to improve delivery of the MDGs -  decision-makers, NGOs, business, the public, local communities?


abstract:
To celebrate the first IAIA conference held in a Nordic country this session will look at issues relating to Nordic biodiversity and IA.  Case study papers would be welcomed, as would papers discussing more general approaches to treatment of biodiversity in IA in Nordic countries.


abstract:
This joint session of the Biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples Sections will look at treatment of Indigenous Issues and biodiversity in IA. Papers from the perspective of Nordic/Circumpolar Indigenous People would be especially welcome; particularly their response to biodiversity change and adaptation in the light of the effects of climate change on the polar regions of the world


abstract:
Much of the world’s population gets their energy direct from biological resources, but if not properly planned large energy development projects, such as dams, or inappropriately sited projects, such as wind farms or biofuel crops, have enormous potential to damage biodiversity.  Biodiversity is currently a “hot” topic in assessments of new power projects and the strategic debates about what are “good” sources of energy especially electricity. Presenters are invited to submit papers on these issues, case study examples would be particularly welcome.

add_info:
Hoping to get someone from IPIECA (International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association) involved in organising this session


abstract_title:
A Canadian Perspective on Northern Environmental Protection Issues

abstract:
A Canadian Perspective on Northern Environmental Protection Issues


Canadian environmental issues are typical of those of other Northern countries. The North encompasses half of Canada’s land mass, covering three territories and parts of four provinces. Aboriginal peoples account for a large portion of the population living there. Northern community development is central to Canadian governmental concerns, while Northern economic activity is closely tied to the extraction of numerous natural resources, putting a great deal of pressure on the environment, notably forests and marine life. 

Some environmental protection issues will be addressed from a Canadian perspective, including air pollution caused by wood heating, the impact of climate change on ice melt and retreating permafrost, the protection of migratory birds and shellfish water quality. Applied scientists and researchers who deliver environmental assessment services to protect and preserve Canada’s Northern environment are faced with these air, water, soil and biodiversity phenomena. Depending on their nature, these environmental issues will be presented from a national, regional or local perspective.


abstract_title:
Genetically Modified Organisms: When the Politics of Perception Overshadow Environmental Impacts

abstract:
Genetically Modified Organisms: When the Politics of Perception Overshadow Environmental Impacts



Little is known about the impact of introducing genetically modified organisms into the environment. When faced with such cases, specialists try to evaluate parameters (e.g. geographic scale, the nature of the potentially affected ecosystems and the degree to which the anticipated effects are reversible, the cumulative nature of effects and their likelihood) through which they can in turn assess the real and/or potential impacts related to the presence of the organism in question in the environment. 

In 2004, a Canadian biotechnology company that specializes in manufacturing proteins used to produce drugs for treating animal and human diseases used transgenic animals as part of its research and development activities. Despite a strict management protocol, three of the euthanized animals ended up in feed for other animals and in fats used to make soaps and other cosmetics. 

This unfortunate event, caused by human error, was reported by the media, and like the rest of the world, Canadians showed little tolerance for such a mistake. But what was the real environmental impact of the error? Did perceptions correspond to reality?


abstract:
The deadline for transposing the reguations of the EC SEA Directive (2001/42) into the legislations of the EU Member States was July 20, 2004. Approximately two years after this deadline it is time to check the progress made on that implementation process. Taken into account the results of the IAIA SEA conference Prag (Sept. 2005) this session within the SEA stream intends to critically examine the state of the art of the transposition of the Directive and to compare the approaches of different EU Member States. Papers on that topic are invited and they will hopefully deal with SEA implemetation issues in old and new EU Member States.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN      ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF BTC CRUDE OIL PIPELINE PROJECT

street_add:
BTC Project Directorate Sögütözü Cad. No: 27 Sögütözü

abstract:
WITHDRAWN         This paper is focused on how EIA is an important instrument in integrating environmental issues into all phases of a major project in the example of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Crude Oil Pipeline Project. BTC Project comprises a pipeline to transport crude oil from Caspian Sea region to a crude oil storage and export terminal on the Mediterranean coast in Turkey. The Turkish section of the project is approximately 1076 km in length. The EIA of mentioned project have been approached in accordance with World Bank and EC Directive requirements. 

The EIAs of BTC Project is taken as an example due to following reasons: It covers large extent of environmental concerns, practices and contributive parties. BTC Project is worth to criticize with the integration of EIA into different project phases. Also, addressed EIA is considered an important practice to discuss with its ongoing environmental monitoring program with regard to sustainable development. 

As a result, in the basis of BTC experience, this paper proposes a model on how environmental concerns in a sustainable perspective can be handled in an EIA development and implementation via integration of different parties’ practices such as international financing institutions, national development agencies, NGOs and consultancies.

add_info:
The contact details of the presenting author is recently changing. So that, please use second author contact details for the communication.

Please accept for our deep appologies for late sending of the paper abstract hoping your acceptance of the submission.We would appreciate if you could inform us about your desicion.

a2_add:
Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Landscape Architecture

suggested_topic:
Impact Assessment of Hydrocarbon Pipelines


abstract:
This is a session jointly sponsored by the Sections on HIA and SIA to report and reflect on the pre-conference specialty workshop on that topic just concluded. The workshop prospectus reads in part:

“In accord with a central value of IAIA stated in the 2005 handbook, that of promoting “the application of integrated and participatory approaches to impact assessment, conducted to the highest professional standards,” the purpose of this workshop is to explore issues and options in strengthening cooperative working relations between the two sections.

‘The workshop agenda will focus on generic issues of integrated impact assessment as encountered and exemplified in specific activities and applications in the practice of HIA and SIA. Particular emphasis will be placed in the area of “Health, Safety, and Environment” (HSE) … and related  [topics], such as corporate social performance and community relations … as a case example reflecting the intersection and interaction of generic and specific contexts” 

At the session, a synopsis of workshop proceedings will be presented, including substantive contributions, general and sectoral issues of integrated impact assessment discussed, and recommendations for future joint activities, including draft terms of reference for a project to be conducted over the coming year.

add_info:
Previously submitted on 15 September with the pre-conference workshop prospectus.


abstract_title:
Planning and Zoning:  The Forgotten Aspect of Project Development

abstract:
Project development routinely begins with the question of “what permits do we need?”  Fortunately it is generally recognized that a project must address the potential impacts that it will have on the environment and responsibly develop means to mitigating these during project construction and operation.  Often forgotten is the issue of whether the proposed development will actually be allowed at the site that has been selected.  Under the title zoning, master planning or land allocation local and/or federal governments exercise control over site development.  The process of site development approval typically runs parallel to project environmental review.  Documents prepared and used for the one process quite often are required for the second process.  Because of the overlap in the agencies that participate in these parallel processes, project proponents often see this as duplicative and unnecessary.  Rather the processes are complementary and if identified at the start of development the studies and analyses needed to support both can and should be coordinated in order to meet project cost and schedule objectives.  This discussion will explore these parallel processes as they are implemented in several countries, identify the common elements and provide examples of  how both can be effectively pursued simultaneously.


abstract_title:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries – relationships with “wild” biodiversity

abstract:
This joint session of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Biodiversity Sections will examine the relationships between agriculture, forestry and fisheries and “wild” biodiversity (non-domesticated species/habitats).  Including how IAs of projects in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors address biodiversity impacts.  Papers on relevant issues including case studies of practical examples would be welcomed.

a3_job:
Forestry Officer (Utilization and Environment)


abstract:
Topic: Biodiversity, Poverty reduction and MDGs

how can and do activites in forests affect  biodiversity? how can htye be combined to have positve environmental and social impacts? is this an impossilbe dream or actual reality? what are the problems and tensions? and some examples of sucesses...
using results from the IAIA spnosored projects in Cameroon, to present findings on how biodiversity and povoerty alleviation can be combined and how biodiversity impact assessment and indicators can be used to set a balance between livlihoods, poverty alleviaiton and biodiversity. examples form Community Forestry will be used to illustrate.

suggested_topic:
Impact Assessment & Biodiversity: Delivering the MDG


abstract_title:
The cumulative effects studies at Hydro-Québec: What have we learned?

abstract:
Cumulative effects studies have brought a regional and historical perspective that was lacking to traditional EIAs.  In this respect, it gives the practitioner, the proponent, the authorities and the public another tool to appreciate the influence of a project on its environment.  We believe that this exercise though needs a different and detailed approach from the EIA, in order to be useful. The purpose of this paper is to share with practitioners the practical problems encountered and solutions found in conducting cumulative effects assessments (CEAs) at Hydro-Québec between 1999 and 2005.  A seven steps approach is proposed as a result of our recent experience.


organization:
Rijkswaterstaat Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute

more_authors:
As chair of COST 350 I represent the Management Committee of COST 350. The workshop will be organised within COST 350 MC.

abstract:
COST 350 is involved with the Integrated Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Traffic and Transport Infrastructure as defined in the Technical Annex of February 2001. 

·	The focus of COST 350 will be to develop an operational methodology in support of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).
·	The final deliverable should be a methodological guide for the actual application of SEA in decision-making on transport infrastructure. 
·	Impacts and indicators will be considered within an overall framework including environmental, economic and social aspects. Actual methodological development within Cost 350 will merely focus on the environmental impacts of traffic and transport infrastructure.

The purpose of the workshop is to present the results of COST 350 and to discuss these results.

add_info:
Next October (21/22) the MC will decide whether COST 350 Working Groups are able to present the (final) results of COST 350 to an important part of the targetgroup at IAIA-Conference 2006 in Stavanger.


abstract_title:
Poverty to sustainable frugality through EIA: Is it possible? - The Indian context.

abstract:
EIA in its various forms has been preoccupied with only assessing the impact of limitless economic growth through projects, plans, policies and programs. When the philosophy of economic growth has itself failed to conjure its elusive trickle down effect to alleviate poverty, Does EIA have any role at all to play in poverty reduction? This paper brings out the constraints the current EIA paradigm faces mainly because of its failure to advocate a sustainable frugal/ minimal ecological footprint based model for poverty reduction analysis. A framework to incorporate the sustainable frugality model into the EIA to assess MDG projects is presented with a particular focus on India and global poverty in general.


abstract_title:
Bottlenecks to Sustainable Development: Assessing the Gender-Energy Link on the Ground

abstract:
Call for Presenters/Papers: 

Gender has become increasingly recognized as a critical component in facilitating sustainable development. Women are among the poorest of the poor, yet they have the most potential for driving and influencing sustainable development. 

Only through disaggregated energy analysis  will the effects of increased access to energy be understood. While gender has been widely recognized as an important component in agriculture, health care, and education, the gender-energy link has been a more recent phenomenon. Planners view energy as a technology-driven issue that is gender neutral. However, poverty and economic development cannot be addressed without considering gendered access to energy.  

This panel is proposed to present methods for analyzing energy and its impacts through a gender lens. It will explore the challenges scientists face, methodologies that can help disaggregate impacts on men versus women, and difficulties analysts face in incorporating disaggregated energy impacts into useful policy recommendations. 

Panelists should discuss what field-based methods they have used to address the gender-energy link in practical, real-world assessments, and present recommendations for incorporating a gender analysis into social and environmental assessments in the developed and the developing world.

add_info:
About the author: Barbara Bamberger is an applied social scientist who has worked on the North Slope of Alaska on the impacts of offshore oil development among Inupiaq women, in Latin America assessing the impact of solar PV water pumps. Bamberger's views are presented in "Integrating Gender in Energy Provisions: Case Study of Bangladesh", July 2004, for  Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme.
(ESMAP)


abstract_title:
Integrated Assessment of Trade-related Policies

abstract:
Trade and the liberalization of markets are often considered as a solution to ending poverty.  A crucial meeting of the WTO on the Doha Round of trade negotiations is scheduled in Hong Kong.  A topic for negotiation is to free up agricultural markets for poorer countries -- a key objective of the Millennium Development Plan.  It is important that developing countries assess the potential benefits and costs of liberalizing trade before scheduling commitments, as they have very diverse interest and concerns. 

IATRP is inviting papers on the practice and process of integrated assessments; case studies of sectoral assessments from developed and developing countries; present methodological advancements in the context of the following topics.

How can trade impact assessment assist in achieving the Millennium Development Goals of poverty reduction and environmental sustainability?

How can national development agencies, international financing institutions, and NGOs contribute to integrating trade concerns into their practice and decision-making? 

Can trade impact assessment be an important instrument to achieving sustainable development? 

What is the role of integrated assessment or sustainability impact assessment?

Is impact assessment of trade an elitist process?  

Is the process inclusive, open and transparent? 
 
What are the technical difficulties and how can they be overcome?

suggested_topic:
Integrated Assessment of Trade-related Policies


abstract_title:
How Strategic Environmental Assessment becomes Successful Environmental Assessment

organization:
Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation

abstract:
The assessment of environmental and sustainability impacts at the strategic level of public decision-making has become popular in the scientific and professional environmental community. This trend is reflected in a stream of publications on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA). Expectations of SEA and SIA regarding the integration of environmental and sustainability concerns into policy-making are high. However, up to now evidence of their impact is only indirect which in addition seems to be modest. 

We propose an approach for a systematic assessment of SEA/SIA impact on decision-making, conceptualising SEA/SIA as a hindrance race. In order to improve the environmental performance of decision-making, analysts must overcome several barriers: e.g. in the ‘scoping’ stage ‘most environmentally friendly alternatives’ or ‘best sustainable alternatives’ must be developed that are preferably as extreme as possible. Each of these barriers must be overcome by finding a proper balance between the ambition of ‘greening’ or sustaining decision-making and the need to gain support for SEA/SIA outputs by decision-makers and other stakeholders in order to be used in decision-making. We discuss some results of a small-scale application of our approach as well.

add_info:
Our research and educational activities focus to a large extent on policy analysis for sustainable development

a2_org:
Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation


abstract_title:
The Impact of Conflict, Disasters and other Extreme Events Impact Assessments

abstract:
The assessment of extreme events has received little attention from the impact assessment mainstream. However, as the events of Hurricane Katrina demonstrated, extreme events need to be accurately assessed if the disastrous impact of these types of events is to be avoided. But, as with normal impact assessments, even when disastrous impacts are accurately identified, there remains a glaring gap in the application of what is known and avoiding what can be expected. In other words, even a good assessment of an extreme event does not necessarily lead to action to address the negative impacts identified.

The Impact of the Conflict, Disasters and other Extreme Events Impact Assessments
workshop encourages presentations on the pre or post impact assessment of any type of extreme event. Potential events to be covered include wars and other conflicts, natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, and the impacts of other non-normal events, such as economic crisis or epidemics. While there is not prescribed format or content for a presentation, each presenter should identify how the assessment results presented could be, or have been, used in policy or practice to avoid or minimize the negative impacts identified.


abstract_title:
ASSESSING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY IN THE BOWEN BASIN, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA

organization:
Central Queensland University, Centre for Social Science Research

abstract:
The coal mining industry makes key contribution to the Queensland economy, and is the underlying driver of employment and economic conditions in many regional communities. In this paper, a number of reasons why the economic and social impacts of mining should be assessed carefully and not be limited only to a regulatory approval mechanism are discussed.

In this paper, the results of a project focused on how the social and economic impacts of mining should be assessed and negotiated with local and regional communities are reported. The following assessment tools were trialled to ascertain the impacts on communities of changes in the mining industry (as opposed to the start-up of a specific mine):
(a)	extended stakeholder analysis of key community representatives,
(b)	desktop modelling to predict economic impacts of changes in the level of mining activity,
(c)	a random survey of householders involving choice experiments to assess tradeoffs, and
(d)	the use of experiments in workshop settings to assess how residents were prepared to prioritise different community development options.

The results also show that impact assessment can play an important role in ongoing community and regional development programs, and should not only be used as a regulatory approval process.

a2_job:
Associate Professor in Regional Economic Development

a2_org:
Central Queensland University, Faculty of Business and Law

a3_job:
Associate Professor, Associate Dean (Research)

a3_org:
Central Queensland University, Faculty of Arts, Health and Sciences


abstract_title:
water management and sustainable development in water supply and sanitation projects

abstract:
The African Development Bank (ADB) has a number of interventions in water and sustainable development. 

ADB Approach

-	De-centralisation in rural water supply and sanitation.
-	Investing in the optimisation and standardization of locally appropriate affordable technologies and renewable energy sources.
-	Multi - stakeholder partnerships in RWSS.  
-	Private sector participation in rural water supply.
-	Reforms of inefficient water utilities, 
-	The rights of the poor to water must be accompanied by shared responsibility among stakeholders.
-	No sustainability if sanitation does not accompany water supply as sanitation is considered a mitigation measure 

Financing Water Infrastructure

The African Water Facility AWF plays an important role in financing water initiatives by localizing global and regional plans, facilitating stakeholder partnerships with support for multi - level capacity building.

Water Resources Management

• High hydrological variability in Africa is a key challenge to water resources development. 

• Water security requires innovative basin wide water management and bottom up approaches to gender based investments in multiple water use systems.

The Poverty Sustainable Development Unit (PSDU)of ADB links quality development in water resource management with many millennium development goals and safeguards the cross cutting issues of water and gender; water and population; and water and environment.


abstract_title:
Using Environmental Assessment to Overcome Financial Barriers to Renewable Energy Options

organization:
Foreign Economic Cooperation Center, Ministry of Agriculture

abstract:
The Panel will examine, through selected case studies, how the use of environmental assessment tools can assist in identifying and measuring environmental values (both market and non-market values)that might be used to overcome the financial barriers of high up-front cost of investments in renewable energy (RE)options faced by developing countries.  The main theme is that environmental benefits that accrue from RE technologies can, in some instances, provide the catalyst to cover the initial high overhead cost that will lead to longer term sustainable investments in RE.  How do we measure or derive market values for these, and how do we collateralize them to promote investments in RE?  How can we lower the risks faced by low-income villagers in order to scale up investments from the village-level to broader scale, sustainable investments? 

Cases will be drawn from China, other Southeast Asian economies, as well as others as appropriate.

add_info:
The Panel would comprise (i) myself, PhD, Environmental Science and Policy, former staff member (15 years) Environment Department of Asian Development Bank, and currently an international consultant; (ii)Professor Jerry (Jinyue) Yan, Professor of Energy Processes at the University of Stockholm.  Both of us are engaged in China, through September 2006, on an on-going Asian Development Bank financed loan on the promotion of biomass technologies for RE generation and eco-environment development;  (iii) Dr. Jerome Weingart, international consultant on renewable energy, currently Advisor to the GVEP and the Asia Pacific Economic Commission (APEC) on renewable energy.  Other colleagues interested in participating on the panel are welcome to contact us.

a2_org:
Foreign Economic Cooperation Center, Ministry of Agriculture


abstract_title:
Assessing the Resource Sector’s Impact on Sustainable Development

abstract:
In accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development goals, institutions worldwide are increasingly calling for the extractive industry to demonstrate a positive impact on local sustainable development. Companies and their project lenders are also feeling pressure from local communities, who are increasingly having success in blocking operations that they believe will negatively impact their long-term livelihood.

Thus far, the industry has struggled to demonstrate their long-term impact on local communities. Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) commissioned an in-depth study in an effort to identify ways that resource companies can effectively measure and monitor the social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts their operations have at a local level.  We would be interested in presenting our study’s findings to-date, including a comprehensive Sustainable Development Assessment (SDA) framework that we are piloting at operations around the world. 

Participants in this workshop would explore techniques for measuring and monitoring the impacts that various activities throughout the company have on sustainable development. Discussion would also examine how to measure efforts to overcome external challenges, such as ensuring that communities have the capacity to effectively engage with company decision-makers and, ultimately, assume responsibility for their own development.

add_info:
Note that although this work has been developed for oil, gas and mining companies, our methodology is very applicable to other industries, and we would be able to broaden the scope of this workshop as needed.

____________
Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) is a global organization that helps member companies achieve success in ways that respect ethical values, people, communities and the environment. BSR provides information, tools, training and advisory services to make corporate social responsibility an integral part of business operations and strategies. A nonprofit organization, BSR promotes cross sector collaboration and contributes to global efforts to advance the field of corporate social responsibility. We currently work with a variety of industries, including finance; consumer products; retail; transportation; oil, gas and mining; food and agriculture; pharmaceuticals and technology.


abstract:
In accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development goals, institutions worldwide are increasingly calling for the extractive industry to demonstrate a positive impact on local sustainable development. Companies and their project lenders are also feeling pressure from local community stakeholders, who are increasingly having success in blocking operations that they believe will negatively impact their long-term livelihood.

Thus far, the industry has struggled to demonstrate their long-term impact on local communities. Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) commissioned an in-depth study in an effort to identify ways that resource companies can effectively measure and monitor the social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts their operations have at a local level.  We would be interested in presenting our study’s findings to-date, including a comprehensive Sustainable Development Assessment (SDA) framework that we are piloting at operations around the world. 

Participants in this workshop would explore techniques for measuring and monitoring the impacts that their various activities have on sustainable development. Discussion would also examine how to measure efforts to overcome external challenges, such as ensuring that communities have the capacity to effectively engage with company decision-makers and, ultimately, assume responsibility for their own development.

add_info:
Note that I submitted this abstract as a possibility for a workshop or a session. We could customize it for either format.

Also, I'd like to mention that  although this work has been developed for oil, gas and mining companies, our methodology for measuring impacts on sustainable development is very applicable to other industries, and we would be able to broaden the scope of this workshop as needed.

Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) is a global organization that helps member companies achieve success in ways that respect ethical values, people, communities and the environment. BSR provides information, tools, training and advisory services to make corporate social responsibility an integral part of business operations and strategies. A nonprofit organization, BSR promotes cross sector collaboration and contributes to global efforts to advance the field of corporate social responsibility. We currently work with a variety of industries, including finance; consumer products; retail; transportation; oil, gas and mining; food and agriculture; pharmaceuticals and technology.


abstract_title:
Ethnic Minorities, Development Issues and Hydropower in Lao PDR

more_authors:
Dr. Stephen Sparkes completed his PhD in Social Anthropology at the University in Oslo in 1998. He is presently based in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Over the past 12 years, he has worked in many countries in Asia and East Africa in the water resources, roads and hydropower sectors, specialising in participatory planning, consultations, ethnic minority issues, resettlement and capacity building. Dr. Sparkes has been involved in the planning of the Nam Theun 2 hydropower project since 1997 in a number of capacities, including project anthropologist, resettlement planner, consultation advisor, institutional specialist. He co-authored the Social Development Plan and the Social and Environmental Management Framework and Operational Plan for the NT2 catchment, and is also a member of the Lenders’ Technical Advisor audit team. He has been or is presently engaged in impact assessments for several hydropower and water resource projects: Karuma Falls HEP in Uganda, Sawalkote HEP in Indian Kashmir, Kihansi HEP in Tanzania, the Nam Theun 1 and Theun Hinboun HEPs in Lao PDR, and the Melamchi Diversion Scheme in Nepal.

abstract:
The paper outlines how ethnic minority concerns have been integrated into the planning for a large hydropower development scheme in Lao PDR, the 1060Mw Nam Theun 2 dam. The construction of the dam will necessitate the resettlement of about 6000 ethnic minority people and the development of new livelihood options. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first section, an overview of the project is presented, including the impacts on the ethnic minority groups and adjacent areas. The second section will discuss and evaluate the methods use to collect data and the consultation process that attempted to ensure that the concerns of the affected people were integrated into project planning. This covers a range of issues, such as cultural heritage, new site selection, livelihood options, effective communication and attention to cultural beliefs. The third section discusses ethnic minority issues in relation to development options and strategies groups that are not yet integrated or may not want to be integrated into mainstream market economies. Here the important issues of rights to land and resources and the maintenance of cultural diversity will be examined, and how these aspects are integrated into project planning and the Impact Assessment process.


abstract_title:
Social indicators for sustainable project and technology life cycle management in the process industry

abstract:
The aim of this paper is to propose Social Impact Indicators (SIIs) based on a previously introduced Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) calculation procedure. A framework of social sustainability criteria has been introduced for the South African process industry. The proposed indicators for criteria that are considered appropriate for project evaluation purposes are constrained by the type of information that is available, i.e. the calculation methodology relies on the availability of regional or national social information where the project will be implemented, as well as the availability of project-specific social information during the various phases of the project development life cycle. Case studies in the process industry and statistical information for South Africa are subsequently used to establish information availability for the SII calculation procedure, and to determine the practical use of the SII method. The case studies establish that social footprint information as well as project social data are not readily available in the South African process industry. It is concluded that a quantitative social impact assessment method cannot be applied for project life cycle management purposes in industry at present. It is recommended that checklists and guidelines be used for these purposes.


abstract_title:
Mainstreaming Universal Design Using Impact Assessment

more_authors:
NOTE TO PROGRAM COMMITTEE:

The area of universal design in new infrastructure is a critical element for many people across the world.  There is currently a major effort to assist developing countries to invest in infrastructure projects.  If the opportunity is missed in the planning and design phases to incorporate universal access design then there is a high likelihood millions of people will be unnecessarily disabled from participating in the social and physical environment who otherwise could be productive contributing members of society.  I would like to propose a Session on Universal Design and Impact Assessment for these reasons.

Other organizers are available if the session is accepted.

abstract:
“Environmental factors interact with a health condition to create a disability or restore functioning, depending on whether the environmental factor is a facilitator or barrier,” according to International Finance Corporation.  Substantial growth in infrastructure projects worldwide is expected over next decade.  Poverty reduction, a primary goal of developing nations and the MDGs, is enhanced through proper infrastructure development creating near- and long-term employment, future economic growth and stability, and short- and long-term quality of life.  Impaired by inadequate infrastructure planning and construction are disabled people and elderly.  Universal design is important because:

•Over 400 million disabled people are in developing countries.  
•Annual GDP loss estimates globally of US$ 1.37 trillion - US$ 1.94 trillion associated with disabled people.  
•United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific indicates in its region increases in people aged 60 and over from 600 million to almost one billion in 2050.  
•As much as 50 to 60 percent of the population aged 65 years and over have some kind of disability.

Impact assessment/social assessment offers a logical structured process identifying and assessing unnecessary project impairment features with disabling effects, sometimes virtually irreversible, on people already experiencing severe poverty.

add_info:
In addition to disabled and elderly people, universal design is important because:
•A significant number of trips are made by foot in developing cities, pedestrian infrastructure, amenities, and services are often inadequate which can have negative consequences of pedestrian fatalities and injuries.
•Beyond these safety implications, there are other negative consequences such as economic and social mobility that impede physical mobility which reduce the time and energy residents can spend on jobs, families, studies, and other productive activities.  
•There are opportunity costs from lost tourism and investment opportunities due to the way outsiders perceive a city’s image.  
•It benefits mothers with strollers, children, bicycles, and workers using hand trucks.


abstract_title:
Use of the Australian National Pollutant Inventory to underpin environmental licence fees through environmental risk profiling

abstract:
The Australian National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) records annual pollutant release data for 90 priority pollutants, covering a wide range of enterprises and as well as non-point sources. This paper describes an environmental risk profiling system using NPI returns as a method to ascribe regulatory effort and to identify industries for compliance prioritisation. The profiling system allocates pollutants to one of four tiers of environmental concern (seventeen suites of environmental hazards encompassing 77 priority pollutants), extending from substances causing local eutrophication up to those causing genetic impacts. A risk profiling system was developed using nearly the complete national dataset for the 2004 reporting year (48,500 release data points). Mean emission data for each industry class (Australia-wide) was collated within the specified hazards (eg carcinogens) and plots of emissions were used to identify scoring thresholds based on order of magnitude increments. A weighted scoring system used the thresholds and tiers of concern to allocate a score for each suite of hazards. The aggregate score for releases to water, air and land was determined for each industry. These scores were then used as a surrogate for ascribing regulatory effort used in the administration of permits and to identify compliance priorities.


abstract:
The Environmental Career Center (ECC) will conduct its second annual IAIA Environmental Careers Seminar in 2006.  Come to this session ready with your questions on what it takes to prepare for, enter, and advance in a rewarding career of protecting the environment. ECC will moderate a panel of 4 to 5 environmental employers who are currently seeking staff and/or who have the knowledge and passion for helping others gain employment in the profession.  

Last year's Career Seminar speakers represented the UN Environmental Programme, CH2M Hill, ENSR International, School for Field Studies, and AIS Fisheries Observers. The Environmental Career Center also presented findings on their environmental employment survey.

Want to help guide aspiring professionals enter the environmental career field?  Then join this session by submitting an informal abstract on what it takes to prepare for, and advance in, the environmental/sustainability professions. 

About the Environmental Career Center: ECC has been helping people work for a better environment since 1980.  They operate EnvironmentalCareer.com, publish the Green Careers Journal (new in 2006- formerly the National Environmental Employment Report), conduct careers research and job seminars.


abstract_title:
Resolving The Cumulative Impact Paradox:  Assessing Significance in Areas that Have Sustained Cumulatively Significant Impacts

abstract:
RESOLVING THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT PARADOX

Charles H. Eccleston, PhD

Performing a Cumulative Impact Analysis that rigorously satisfies regulatory requirements set forth under NEPA regulations (40 CFR 1508.7) can be a complex task. A strict regulatory interpretation of "significance" can also lead to a paradox.

This paradox results from the fact that in one way or another much of United States has already sustained a significant cumulative impact. A Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), by its very definition, states that an action will not have a significant effect, including a cumulatively significant impact. Because much of the environment has already sustained a significant cumulative impact, a logical paradox arises in which a standard interpretation of the regulatory requirements implies that many federal activities are technically ineligible for a FONSI and therefore require preparation of an EIS.

A strict interpretation of "significance" leads to such a conclusion, even in cases where the direct and indirect impacts of the proposed activity may be relatively insignificant. This paper presents a new methodology referred to as the Significant Departure Principal (SDP) for resolving the paradox. In addition to NEPA, this approach can also be applied to other international Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes.


abstract_title:
Environmental Impact Assessment - A Decision Making Tool for Water Resources Projects

abstract:
The importance of environmental protection and conservation measures has been increasingly recognised during the past two decades.  Agriculture is the backbone of our country and it mainly relies on water resources projects which gained importance during the post independence period.  The impacts caused by construction of dams and reservoirs include changes in physio-chemical, biological and socio-economic environment.  The need to avoid adverse impacts and to ensure long-term benefits led to the concept of sustainability and Environmental Impact Assessment plays a major role here.
The main objective of EIA is to ensure the development is sustained within minimal environmental degradation.  Therefore, EIA can be considered as a tool used for decision making prior to the implementation of water resources project. This paper describes how EIA can be used as a decision making tool for river valley projects which will ultimately expose the real scenarioin the upstream as well as downstream side of the project site which would produce interesting results and may lead to new thoughts in future to the water managers and environmental managers to use it effectively and efficiently during the policy and decision making before deciding the project.


job:
Legal Counsel- IAIA Chair Environment IA Law, Policies & Practice

abstract:
World leaders at the 2005 UN World Summit recognized the importance of the rule of law in eradicating poverty as follows: " We acknowledge that good governance and the rule of law at the national and international levels are essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger." Impact assessment law, and more broadly sustainable development law, both internationally and domestically, play a critical role in achieving this goal. The uptake of sustainable development norms at international law relating to economic development power and resource imbalances, and poverty eradication can have an important influence on the development and implementation of domestic legal systems.  There has been uptake of international norms such as: access to information, public participation, open and transparent processes, indigenous rights, and growing recognition of environmental health as a human right. Some of these were identified in the 1992 Rio Declaration (see especially Principles  3 , 4 , 5 , 10 ,11 ,15 ,16 ,17  and 27 ) . These horizontal principles have been endorsed and further elaborated in particular declarations and international agreements that address thematic or cross cutting issues and include targets on poverty reduction and greenhouse emission reductions.

add_info:
ABSTRACT CONTINUED:  Legal text cannot be relied upon on its own however; the need for effective institutions, transparent and accountable judicial systems, effective civil society and enforceable decisions is also a necessity. This session invites presentations that consider the progress (or constraints) in advancing international and domestic sustainable development law since the 1992 Rio Declaration. The focus will be on   recent developments in impact assessment law both internationally and domestically and the effectiveness  of these developments  in addressing poverty issues and power imbalances  such as access and renewable technologies.


abstract_title:
Do Nothing – But Do it Well: Experience from SEA Practice

job:
Senior Lecturer in Environmental Assessment

abstract:
The ‘Do Nothing’ concept is a long ingrained concept in impact assessment (IA) that is rarely questioned or challenged.  ‘Do Nothing’ provides the foundation for evaluating the condition of the existing baseline environment and the potential impacts of new proposals against other reasonable and practicable alternatives (including if the proposal were not to proceed).  Thus it is equivalent to analysis of project need and whether the benefits of the project outweight its impacts. But what does 'Do Nothing' mean in practice? Options range from 'Business as Usual' (do whatever you are doing currently) to 'Do the Minimum' (some basic new level of intervention) both of which can be costed and compared to proposed new activities and the 'True Do Nothing' option (walk away from the activity and do absolutely nothing). This paper reviews the current status of ‘Do Nothing’ in EIA and SEA practice, including how this interacts with the strategic purpose and nature of SEA. Are new demands and interpretations being placed on this well established IA concept? The paper examines practical application of the ‘Do Nothing’ options in EIA and SEA using case studies from Australia and UK experience and considers how doing nothing can be done well!

suggested_topic:
Strategic Environmental Assessment: Learning & Governance


abstract_title:
Joint Workshop on Assessing the Biodiversity Impacts of Trade: Principles and Practice

abstract:
Joint Workshop on Assessing the Biodiversity Impacts of Trade: Principles and Practice 

Chairs: Clive George, Roel Slootweg

The workshop will work towards producing an IAIA Guidelines and Principles document on the Biodiversity Impact Assessment of Trade.  It will build on the results of the IAIA’04 and ’05 workshops on Principles and Practice of Assessing the Biodiversity Impacts of Trade.

A final discussion paper will be prepared which addresses the outstanding issues raised during the ’05 joint workshop, along with the draft Guidelines and Principles document prepared following the ’05 workshop.

It is intended that the discussion should lead to the preparation of a final version of the document to be issued in the IAIA series.


abstract_title:
Promoting poverty reduction and environmental conservation through sustainable trade policies

abstract:
Promoting poverty reduction and environmental conservation through sustainable trade policies 

Trade liberalization, to some countries, provides a means to achieving economic and sustainable development and poverty reduction, to others just the opposite. Reducing tariffs, opening services and investment markets are sought after through trade and economic agreements at the global, bilateral and regional levels. However, understanding the positive and negative impacts of these agreements is the role of impact assessment of trade and its many approaches.

This session will examine the role of impact assessment in promoting sustainable trade policies that contribute to poverty reduction while maintaining the integrity of the natural environment.   

The purpose of the session is to present case studies and good practices of trade-related assessments that address poverty reduction and contribute to the social, environmental and economic goals of sustainable development.  

Papers are invited that will address issues dealing with the positive and negative aspects of trade liberalization on poverty, health and other aspects of sustainable development, the methodological and data challenges involved and issues of policy integration.


abstract_title:
Capacity Building in EIA for Mexican NGOs

abstract:
The Basins Environmental Initiative is a program financed by  USAID in which international and national entities participate. The objective is to promote and support processes that allow the establishment of favourable conditions to advance in the design and instrumentation of public policies, programs and projects directed to the sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity in Mexico, with a basins approach. To professionalize NGOs there was a call for proposals for a project entitled Conservation Organizations Strengthening in EIA. To accomplish this we selected a strategy to teach a mixed course with distance and presence classes which will reach about 200 NGOs. The objective is to enhance NGOs  EIA knowledge with a conservation and management of natural resources approach., through this activities: a diagnostic poll to find out the knowledge level of the NGOs; the building a web page based on a tutorial pedagogic model; a presence workshop to consolidate the acquired knowledge that will be applied in a case study.
The web page is ready and the poll is being answered directly in the web, the lessons are being build by the group of experts. Results of the first three modules will be presented at the meeting.


abstract_title:
Public Participation around Mainports; the Schiphol case

organization:
National Inst. Public health and the Environment

more_authors:
Carla van Wiechen, RIVM carla.van.wiechen@rivm.nl
researcher
Gooitske Marsman, previously RIGO

abstract:
A recent study into the perceptions of residents around Schiphol airport (Leidelmeijer, van Kamp, Houthuijs, 2005) has shown that apart from noise exposure and sudden changes in noise, non-acoustical factors strongly influence reaction to environmental noise. Trust and expectations as well as historical context showed to be important predictors for annoyance, sleepdisturbance, concern about safety, and the number of complainants. The processes that play around mainports are in principal comparable to those around smaller scale interventions in the physical environment, but these latter situations often get less attention from the media. More insight in these processes could therefore be valuable in a broader sense in order to understand the effects of (changes in) the physical environment on the quality of life experience and founded on this information, find ways for improvement.  

This paper will present some of the findings of a longitudinal study around Schiphol Airport as well as results from focus group meetings among residents and NGO’s  that are active in the area. The starting points from both sources for policy recommendations will be compared and the tensions between qualitative and quantitative information will be analysed.

a3_org:
National Inst. Public health and the Environment

a5_org:
National Inst Public health and the Environment

a6_org:
National Inst Public health and the Environment


abstract_title:
Environmental problems in sub- saharan Africa and the role of reqional arrangement in managing them.

street_add:
suite 31 yasuha plaza behind ap plaza Wuse2

abstract:
Environmental Problems in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Role of Regional Arrangements in Managing Them"
Environmental degradation in the African Sub-Saharan region has reached alarming proportions resulting from air pollution due to urbanization, unplanned development in the fringes of cities, water contamination caused by improper sewerage systems, and soil erosion generated by the exploitation of national resources in rural areas. Against this background, the author documents the roles of regional arrangements promoting a pattern of development that is environmentally friendly.

He concludes by reiterating how African development efforts to improve standards of living at the national level and eliminate or alleviate poverty will put an immense strain on available land and water resources. Development, consequently, must be properly managed . Various national environmental institutions have been established to ensure that the process of development does not impact negatively on the environment in an irreversible way. Nevertheless, a great challenge still confronts African leaders...How may we equip the individual within society with the knowledge and technology to use these resources in a sustainable way?


abstract:
Sustainable Integrated Forest Management
Mountain Forest

In Africa, land use and sustainable management schemes in highland areas and mountainous forest have become increasingly important and timely, as these areas, like the lowland forest, have come under serious exploitation and constant threat of disintegration, following the depletion of the majority of the lowland forest. Mountain forest, like most ecosystems, have been exploited and degraded mainly by anthropogenic activities either directly (through vegetation cover removed for timber/wood, construction, agriculture and other purposes) or indirectly (through pollution by environmental stresses such as hazardous gases/oils, global warming effects, heavy metal bioaccumulation and toxicity). These areas have also had their share of forest wildfire and defoliation, forest damage and decline by natural disasters and adverse climatic conditions. In order to arrest the situation, this paper suggests that appropriate and sustainable integrated forest management techniques be implemented and executed uncompromisingly. In this regard, geographic information system and remote sensing technologies should be employed along with appropriate methods of educating the rural populace in renewable resources utilization involving not only physical utilization of the forest resources, but also other areas of forest use peculiar to mountain forest such as profitable, sustainable ecotourism.


abstract_title:
Impact Assessment and Biodiversity Considerations: a case study of Niger Delta University Campus Development Project on wildlife of Nun River Forest Reserve in the Niger Delta

abstract:
An EIA was carried out for the establishment of Niger Delta University (NDU) campus sited in Bayelsa State of Nigeria.  The campus was to be located at the fringe of a Nun River Forest Reserve (NRFR), with access roads passing through NRFR.  The NRFR has neither been surveyed nor protected, with no documentation except a 30 year-old gazette; and covers 97.15 km2 of humid tropical rainforest characterised by torrential rains, seasonal flooding, and multi-layered vegetation.  In order to identify and mitigate/ameliorate the impacts of the project on the biodiversity of NRFR, a wildlife study was conducted as part of the EIA.  The results of the study revealed a rich assemblage of wildlife species; of which 12 are enlisted in the 2003 IUCN Red List of threatened species, while 14 are protected by Nigeria’s statutes; and they are threatened by human activities.  The NDU campus project shall have significant adverse impacts on the wildlife: directly through habitat loss/fragmentation, nuisance, influx of people; and indirectly by exacerbating the existing threats.  This paper discusses the impacts of NDU campus on NRFR.  Also, conservation-friendly local beliefs/practices that could fit into a wildlife management plan are discussed.

a2_org:
Rivers State University of Science and Technology


abstract_title:
Local Empowerment through Health Impact Assessment: Case study of potash mining project at Udon Thani province, Thailand

job:
Coordinator of Social Cooperation Program

street_add:
2nd Floor, Building North of Health Park (Sataranasuk Rd. 6)

add_contd:
Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Rd., Muang District

abstract:
Since 1981, 300 million tons of high quality potash deposits have been discovered in Udon Thani. In 2003, the Asia Pacific Potash Corporation has planned to invest $US 645 millions on mining in the areas of 25 squarekilometers kilometers. Without local participation, this project was widely protested by local people.

HIA of potash mining was conducted with the aim to provide the space and process for deliberative learning among all stakeholders on positive and negative impacts. Knowledge, and values were reflected from various groups Forum at the community level was applied to empower people on the impact assessment. 

Local people have been stimulated to link environmental and health impacts in the broader aspects. They could explain the linkage of mining process and its impacts on the society. HIA not only provides clear information but also they has opportunity to learn on how to present their local wisdom systematically as academics and specialists do. 

HIA becomes the entry point for local people in perceiving their right on the development of healthy public policy which requires their active participation. At present, local people in Udon Thani starts working on the direction of city development following the principle of sustainable development.

add_info:
Keywords: Empowerment, Deliberative, HIA, Potash Mining,


abstract_title:
SEA of long-term transport infrastructure plan and regional development plans in the Greater Stockholm Region

abstract:
In 2003, the County Administration Board in the Stockholm Region as well as the council for the Stockholm-Mälar Region had two strategic environmental assessments carried out. The County Administration Board has main responsibility for the long-term transport infrastructure plan for 2004-2015 in the county of Stockholm. The government required SEA to be produced within the planning process. The council for the Stockholm-Mälar Region as a step towards a strategy for sustainable development of the transport sector of the region, had a SEA carried out on some strategic plan documents covering the development of the region. 

The SEA’s both had in common that they were carried out late in the process of producing strategies and plans. This paper will in brief give a summary on how the SEA was carried out and put light on state-of-the-art of strategic environmental assessment in regional planning in the Stockholm-Mälar Region, as these are the latest examples of such analyses in the region. The paper puts main focus on some findings and some lessons learnt of the SEA’s and the process of carrying them out.


abstract_title:
Guide to Reviewing Published Evidence for use in Health Impact Assessment

street_add:
Department of Epidemiology & Public Health

more_authors:
Anna Boltong
HIA and Network Facilitation Manager
London Health Observatory
(now moved job, so contact info not relevant)

Jane Biddulph
Lecturer
University College London
(now on maternity leave so no contact details available)

I do not know the full contact details of my co-authors, who are either planning to attend or are not able to do so. I have never had to provide such detailed information about a long list of co-authors before and find it intrusive, time-consuming, and pointless.

abstract:
Reviewing published evidence for use in HIA presents many methodological challenges due to the broad scope of the work and the short timescales for the assessment.  Although a comprehensive, systematic review of all relevant literature provide the best evidence, these require resources, including long timeframes, not generally available for HIA.  In practice, 'brief' reviews are generally conducted or commissioned, taking a few days or weeks.  These have been of variable quality.  Assessing such reviews is hampered when the methods used are not stated explicitly.
We have produced a guide to reviewing published evidence for use in HIA.  It indicates minimum criteria that are essential in any literature review, however limited the resources, and also points to additional elements to be included when circumstances permit, to add to the robustness of a review's conclusions.
The guide has been produced through an iterative process, involving HIA practitioners, academics, and experts on reviewing and synthesising literature.  It was informed by qualitative research and has been piloted and peer-reviewed.
The presentation will describe the processes used when developing the guide and how it can be used.  Printed copies of the guide will be available.

a3_org:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN  Assessments, learning and policy integration in Swedish energy policy

abstract:
WITHDRAWN  What makes a policymaking system better at integrating sustainability concerns into its processes? This paper studies such policy integration as a policy-learning process in which sectors reframe their understanding of key problems, objectives, and strategies towards sustainable development. It discusses how to set up strategic assessments in order to enhance the potential for policy learning. This discussion is based on an empirical study in Swedish energy policymaking processes over the last two decades which analysed patterns of policy learning, tracing these processes and their outcomes in different rounds and stages of policy formation. The development of nuclear and climate policy in Sweden was examined and related to institutional rules and assessments. According to the empirical analysis policy learning occurs when there is a moderate level of interest conflict with an international stream pushing the agenda; and for processes with leadership from the sector “mainstream” that lends credibility and trust to the process and that focus on building up joint-problem understandings and making explicit goal conflicts and policy dilemmas in the assessment process. The presentation is based on a recently completed PhD thesis.

add_info:
WITHDRAWN 7 February 2006 by Mans Nilsson. jh


abstract_title:
Issues and impacts generated by a road network in a remote area - Hydro-Québec's Northern Access Follow-up Program

abstract:
Until the 1970s, the James Bay territory located in Northern Québec, in one of the largest taïga forests in the world, was unaccessible by land. The only people who lived on this territory were the Cree, an aboriginal group who had travelled over large distances in canoes for thousands of years in order to hunt, trap or fish its animal resources. The La Grande hydroelectric project has affected its way of life in many ways. With reservoirs, the large-scale road network built in order to access power plants and other types of installations has clearly emerged as the most important source of social impacts triggered by this project. To a large extent, trucks are now used in combination with planes and snowmobiles to access the land. The road system has also attracted to the pristine area many Southerners from Canada or the United States such as hunters or tourists, generating other repercussions. The paper describes the environmental impacts and discusses the social issues triggered by the road system, as well as the mitigation measures which were implemented. It also highlights the follow-ups which have tracked its human impacts, especially Hydro-Québec's Northern Access Program.


abstract_title:
The importance of SIA for local implementation of the MDGs

more_authors:
Rosalie Callway has been working on Sustainable Development and Governance issues for over ten years. She co-edited "Governance for Sutainable Development - A Foundation for the Future" a book outlining some of the major governance barriers to adopting sustainbility, as well as "the Plain Language Guide to the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation" in response to the outcomes for the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development. She is currently examining the relations between local government and the international arena as International Policy Officer at the Local Government International Bureau. Her academic background focused on Environmental Economics and integrated decision-making tools.

abstract:
Aim - To encourage further support for conducting SIAs at a local level. 
Background - In 2005 LGIB was invited by UNDP to produce a toolkit for implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) at a local level. It is clear from the toolkit that SIAs are essential for the sustainable implementation of the MDGs, however SIA's remain overly burdensom for most local authorities, especially in developing countries. Significant academic and technical support is required to make SIA's more accessible to local government.

suggested_topic:
Local/Regional Government Policy and Governance


abstract_title:
Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analytic Hierarchy Process for Environmental Assessment of Urban Underground Infrastructure

abstract:
The paper will address the problem of developing hierarchy structures for multiple criteria environmental assessment of urban underground infrastructure. 
Urban underground infrastructure is a vital part of modern, sustainable city. Carefully planed and designed, it can make a significant positive contribution towards cities’ sustainability and increase environmental quality in urban areas by addressing transport, spatial, and environmental problems. However, underground space development can have significant adverse environmental impacts. Thus, development of methodologies for comprehensive environmental assessment is an important area of research. Multiple criteria decision making methods can be successfully utilized for urban underground infrastructure environmental assessment. Generating a reflective analytic hierarchy process is one of the core tasks for multi-criteria assessment. Different approaches for composing environmental indicators into a hierarchy structure will be analyzed. Addressing urban underground infrastructure assessment at different levels (project, program, plan, policy), applications of multiple criteria decision analysis for EIA and SEA will be shown. Assessment results obtained using several multiple criteria decision making software programs will be discussed.


abstract_title:
Capacity Building for Civil Society Engagement and Good Governance in EIA in Southern Africa

abstract:
The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation describes "good" governance as being 
essential for sustainable development. Coupled with this is the African NEPAD which 
views good governance as an essential element of the peer review process. 
Most consider good governance to mean: transparent decision making, access 
to information and justice, public participation, coherence, subsidiarity 
respect for human rights and 
accountability. A well planned and implemented EIA or SEA does respect all 
these conditions for good "environmental"  governance. However, in Africa, 
one of the elements of the EIA process which is quite weak is public participation. The Southern African Institute of 
Environmental Assessment (SAIEA) has completed a  2+ year capacity development 
program to address the goverance aspects of EIA and public participation in the SADC 
region.  The program was recently awarded the 2005 Core Values
Award by the International Association for Public Participation. Key to the success of the programme has been the 
development and use of a number of innovative communication  and engagement tools to ensure regional 
buy-in at local and political levels. Calabash has demonstrated that EIA and SEA can form an important cornerstone for governance reform in developing countries.

add_info:
This paper was requested by Peter Tarr who will chair the Theme Forum on Governance.  

Key words: 
capacity building, EIA, Environmental impact assessment, Southern African 
Institute for Environmental Assessment, SAIEA, public participation, goverance, SADC, southern 
Africa


abstract_title:
An EA Step in the Right Direction? Sociological Analysis of Impact and Benefit Agreements in Canada’s North.

organization:
Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta

abstract:
Negotiated agreements, including Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBA), between resource developers and Aboriginal communities are increasingly seen as viable approaches to supplementing and in some cases, addressing shortfalls of impact assessment processes. A 2005 IAIA conference paper on IBAs as a new supra-regulatory approach concludes that further assessment is required of the legitimacy and analysis of the conditions under which IBAs are effective. Moreover, critical analyses of these agreements have not yet been undertaken from a sociological perspective. This paper, embracing the conference theme of “Power, Poverty, and Sustainability”, examines how negotiated agreements over natural resource extraction confer particular advantages and disadvantages to Aboriginal people and proponents of development, thereby distributing power inequitably. Using sociological theories of power, the content of IBAs will be examined in regards to theoretical concepts to enrichen the debate about power and the role of the state at safeguarding sustainable development in the Canadian North.

a2_org:
Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta


abstract_title:
(WITHDRAEWN) Enhacing communication in the Public Participation process: the use of participatory modelling

abstract:
WITHDRAWN  
Currently, most substantial EIAs include a Public Participation process, which aims at involving interested and affected parties in the EIA process. However, interactions between EIA practitioners and the different segments of the public often reveal a lack of effective communication. In developing countries in particular, the involvement of local communities has often fallen short of the World Bank and IFC guidelines of Public Participation. Technicist approaches to public participation fail to take into account local communication practices. EIA practitioners fail to bridge the gap between their written – analytical culture and the oral - holistic culture of many local rural communities. This often leads to local communities feeling confused and disempowered.

This paper proposes the use of visual means to enhance communication in the Public Participation process. It proposes the use of participatory modelling as a tool for two- way communication between EIA practitioners and the public. The paper argues that the model enables a holistic interpretation of projects (subject to the EIA process) as well as provides an anchor for interpretation and discussion. It facilitates a meaningful involvement of local communities.

An example of the use of participatory modelling in Mozambique is discussed


abstract_title:
The Benefits of Social Impact Assessment for Enviironmental Assessment Process

job:
Professor of Sociology and Environmental Studies

abstract:
This poster illustrates the use of social impact assessment at the community and project level to help impact assessment practitioners, community and regional planners, change agents, elected officials and concerned citizens understand likely future change in their community as a result of project implementation or policy change.
After a brief definition of social impact assessment and its use in the planning process, the basic Social Assessment Model is laid out. Next the SIA scoping process is outlined as the way to identify likely social impacts (issues) and major stakeholders.
The content of the social assessment (analysis) is made up of 28 social impact assessment variables which I use to explain change in a variety of project/policy settings.  
The poster concludes with an outline of how mitigation and monitoring have been used to enhance the benefits of project development and change that will come to the recipient community.


abstract_title:
Economics and Policy of Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: A Review

abstract:
Early in the debate on global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural soils were identified as a potential depository for atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2], and terrestrial carbon [C] sequestration was identified as a means of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.  The progression of research pertaining to terrestrial C sequestration has moved from the estimation of the technical potential of soils to store carbon to an examination of the economic and policy aspects of soil C sequestration.  This paper reviews recent North American literature dealing with these topics.  The key economic questions are the level of financial incentives needed for private landowners to adopt C sequestration activities and the cost competitiveness of terrestrial C sequestration with other abatement measures.  The general premise is that landowners and agricultural producers will adopt C sequestration activities if net revenues from those activities are greater than those from existing practices.  Research to date indicates that terrestrial C sequestration can be a low-cost strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.  However, these studies also consistently point out that the economic potential of agricultural soils to store C is considerably less than their technical potential (ranging from 22 percent to 78 percent in the studies examined).


abstract_title:
DPWH Policy Respond to the Challenges of Environmental Sustainability Through A Three-Phase Strategy on Environmental Governance

abstract:
From a traditional engineering and construction oriented agency, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), has gradually managed to introduce and establish EIA/SIA to the development of infrastructure projects. 

The Three-Phase Strategy on Environmental Governance

      	Phase 1. Continuing institutional capacity building. The DPWH embarked its first Capacity Building Program on EIA in 1996. Under the Program on Strengthening the DPWH Capacity on Environmental Impact Assessment (1996-2000), the twenty Core staff have received training on various aspects of EIA.  

      	Phase 2. Environmental and Social Guidelines.  To facilitate the further integration of various environmental and social issues into road and other infrastructure planning and construction manuals were developed. The development of such Manuals underwent a series of consultations with stakeholders to ensure that they contribute to the development of infrastructures in a sustainable fashion. 

      Phase 3. Organizational Structure. Under the Rationalization Plan, a permanent EIA units will be established at the central, regional and district offices.   

     	 
DPWH as a Learning Organization 

The DPWH as a learning organization will continue its three-phase strategy to ensure environmental governance through an improved management of environmental and social safeguards for infrastructure projects in a sustainable manner.

add_info:
The environmental governance at the DPWH started from the scratch in 1996 and through perseverance, hard work and helped by far-sighted leadership in the DPWH gradually managed to introduce environmental governance. A lot of efforts were put into changing the mindsets of the people in the Department and demonstrating the usefulness of proper environmental governance.


abstract_title:
Power, Poverty, and Public Awareness:  Addressing Electrical Safety Issues in Moldova

abstract:
Poverty kills in unexpected ways in the Republic of Moldova.  It is the root cause of an appallingly high rate of electrocutions associated with power lines and electrical substations – more than 100 times the level of most countries in western Europe.  As an investor in the country’s electricity sector, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) became aware of the extent of the problem.  After an assessment of the issues and causes, EBRD worked with the Moldovan Ministries of Industry and Infrastructure, Health, Education, the electrical inspectorate, and state and private electrical utilities to address the problem.  

The resulting technical cooperation project, funded by the Canadian International Development Agency, comprised three components:  training for electrical and labour inspectors, education programme to train teachers who would roll out the programme to  three ages of schoolchildren, and a general public awareness campaign.  These initiatives were supported by the Prime Minister, and a national Electrical Safety Week was held in November 2005.  

The paper will describe the impetus for the assessment, the development of the programme, and the results of the TC.  It is a good example of capacity building.


abstract_title:
Impact of Removing Exotic Forests from Newly Established National Park

abstract:
Impact of Removing Exotic Forests from Newly Established National Park 

Paper focuses on the impacts of removing exotic tree forests from the newly founded Blyde Canyon National Park in South Africa 

This park was established in 2005 and incorporates a Provincial Nature Reserve, host to the third largest canyon in the world. It also incorporates a State Forest area that contains pine and eucalyptus tree plantations and the only Afromontane indigenous forests to be in a National Park in South Africa. For the establishment of the new park the State Forest area is being clear felled to rehabilitate this land back to its original condition prior to the exotic tree afforestation.  We completed a rapid socio-economic assessment for the IUCN to determine the impacts of this land use change.  We are currently conducting the exit strategy to investigate human resource and energy impacts and legal options. Do the long term positive environmental impacts and potential socio-economic benefits outweigh the negative short term socio-economic impacts?  South Africa is a water stressed country who views exotic timber plantations as large consumers of water that negatively impacts on the catchment management strategies, hence the decision to clear fell.

add_info:
have applied for capacity building stipend see also application


abstract_title:
Critical Load and Level Approach for Assessment of Ecosystems Risks in EIA: Promises and Challenges

abstract:
Ecological effects are often treated inadequately in the assessment of environmental impacts of proposed developments while lack of quantitative ecological impact predictions is mentioned among key drawbacks of the current EIA practice. 

The use of risk assessment methods and techniques within EIA for improving the quality of environmental impact studies has been widely discussed in the impact assessment community. For assessing ecological impacts of proposed developments the ‘ecosystem approach’ is often recommended (Treweek 1999). However, formal ecological risk assessment as it is has significant limitations for dealing with ecosystem-level effects. One can suggest incorporating the Critical Load and Level (CLL) approach, an established methodology for assessing effects of industrial pollution on ecosystems and their sensitive components, into the EIA process to improve treatment of ecological implications of development projects. Benefits of and obstacles to applying CLL methodology for ecological impact assessment will be analyzed. A structured framework for ecosystem risk assessment based on CLL approach within EIA will be presented. 

Since the proposed integrated assessment model is suggested to be applied within the ESIA of an extractive industry project located in the relatively untouched area in the North of Russia, feasibility of its practical application will be discussed.

a2_org:
Moscow State University,School of Geography


abstract_title:
Integrating EIA in Post Conflict Countries

add_contd:
Compound of the Ministry of Energy and Water

abstract:
In the 20 years since the Brundtland Report “Our Common Future”, increasing attention has been placed on the context of the environment in development.  Whether development theory and practice has embraced a more sustainable approach is a moot point.  Yet there are some countries that are considered conflict or post-conflict where the integration of environment can be obscured by competing needs.  The principles and ideals borne out of “Our Common Future” have no currency or at best are poorly understood in these countries.  Conflict has both direct and indirect impacts on the environment, but it also results in a lack of capacity to integrate sustainability into post-conflict relief and development.  In this context what role can environmental assessment play to alleviate poverty and support much needed development?  The following paper examines the case of Afghanistan and Liberia and argues that post-conflict countries need support to mainstream EIA practices, but more importantly SEA needs to be integrated as a tool to inform development practices in the post-conflict setting.


abstract_title:
Research on sustainability of Tehran's Transportation Network against Earthquake

abstract:
Abstract:


Transportation besides housing, working and recreation, is one of the substantial four urban functions. This activity is an affective and being affected on the other activities. Inefficiency and closing of network after earthquake is the biggest problem for assisting, and also it can increase the victims and damages. Tehran is recognized as a mega polis, more over, it is political center of Iran, and it can be a pattern for other mega cities. Therefore, only damages which will be happened in this city by natural disasters, could affect all over the country. Highways and streets of Tehran (it is more than 2000 km) have several problems in the peak hour, then certainly when the earthquake occurs, it will being critical conditions. Recognizing vulnerability and efficiency of Tehran networks, and manifesting improved solutions towards achieving sustainable transportation, is the main theme of this article. At first, set forth the damages which Tehran's network transportation will face against earthquake then will bring forward the solutions.


Key words:
Sustainable transportation, Earthquake, Vulnerability.


abstract_title:
Ideas for a conceptual approach for SEA monitoring of regional plans

abstract:
SEA monitoring as required by the EC SEA Directive is a crucial and challenging element of systematic impact assessment (IA) follow-up. As a start the paper explores the role of SEA monitoring and its functions based on the legal background of the EC SEA Directive and the theoretical background of IA follow-up. 
Having clarified role and functions of SEA monitoring conceptual ideas for SEA monitoring of regional plans are presented. Primarily the potential of an objective-led monitoring approach is discussed, taking into account critical issues characteristic of SEA monitoring of regional plans, like: 
•	the abstractness of regional plans and the inherent difficulty to identify testable predictions applicable for monitoring,  
•	the comprehensiveness and complexity of regional plans making it difficult to establish causal relationships however making it possible to handle cumulative effects within monitoring,
•	the subsequent implementation of regional plans and the question of tiering in terms of monitoring and 
•	the long implementation periods of regional plans that imply changes in both environmental and policy conditions.
The conceptual ideas are illustrated by means of monitoring approaches of selected SEAs of German regional plans.


abstract_title:
EIA Follow up in Georgia: a case study of Khadori Hydro Power Station

abstract:
The shift of EIA implementation from the theoretically written to the practically carried out highlighted the importance of ex-post evaluation in Georgia. This implied evaluation of quality of EIA follow-up (EIAF) at the system (macro) and individual (micro) levels through a) determining the benchmarks for the state of the art EIAF, b) elaborating criteria for evaluation of its effectiveness, c) identifying main restricting and favorable factors of the current EIAF practice.
The case study of Khadori Hydro Power Station (KHPS) was conducted to lay a basis for the micro–elevel evaluation of EIAF in Georgia accounting for country-specific socio – geological conditions (high seismicity, etc.). 
As a result of the research some first and second priority recommendations for the improvement of the EIAF system in Georgia were proposed, including rationalization of the relevant legislation, better allocation of resources and capacities, improving the motivation of stakeholders and the communication between them.
The lessons learnt from this research will hopefully contribute to increasing efficiency of environmental impacts’ prediction, to improving actual implementation of monitoring programs, to enhancing managerial and planning functions of EIA and to raising its efficacy as a whole.


abstract_title:
POWER, POVERTY & SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS CONDUCTED IN NIGER DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA

abstract:
POWER, POVERTY & SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS CONDUCTED IN NIGER DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA

  Charles Mrabure   and Conrad A. Omonhinmin 

In Nigeria, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies became mandatory for projects that will have impact on the environment after the promulgation of the EIA act (1992).

The Niger Delta area is the hub of the Nigerian oil industry and associated ventures. In spite of various EIA studies carried out,poverty resulting from unsustainable practices has been on the rise. This is due to emphasis laid on the collection and documentation of technical information rather than public acceptability of projects and considerations for mitigation measures. The EIA act is further weakened by the Land use act (1978), which vested all lands on the government. These coupled with the low level of literacy, reduces the degree of power available to the people, thus limiting their ability to partake in the econo-social distribution of wealth.  
Impact assessment should not only provide rich resources on possible cost-effects as well as baseline information for meaningful comparative analyses. It should also provide the commendable participatory and negotiating resources/strength so required for even distribution and management of resources and ultimately sustainability.

a2_add:
Dept. of Biological Sciences, Okada town


abstract_title:
Assessment for Sustainable Development: Theoretical Framework and Mining Sector Cases Studies from Canada, Namibia, and South Africa

abstract:
Mining is frequently at the forefront of debates concerning sustainable development (SD). Leading mining companies have expressed commitments to the principles of SD, as have many governments, financiers and investors. This gives rise to the question: How can planning and decision-making be directed to ensure that mining contributes to SD?

EIA is the most commonly used technique for evaluating the wider implications of mining projects. SIA and other types of assessment are also increasingly used. There are many suggestions for improving their effectiveness as SD 'tools', ranging from enhancing EIA to developing 'new' techniques (e.g. Integrated Assessment and Sustainability Assessment). 

The paper will present the findings of research undertaken in two stages. The first stage involved a review of the literature to identify the features commonly promoted for improving the SD-directedness of assessments. This led to the development of a framework which captures the distinguishing characteristics of SD-directed assessment. The second stage sought to establish the extent to which SD-directed assessment features can be applied to mining projects. Six ‘best practice’ mining project assessments were selected for analysis against the framework. The analysis found evidence of progress towards SD-directed assessment.

a2_job:
Professor of Engineering for Sustainable Development


abstract_title:
DUPLICATE  of 79  Research on sustainability of Tehran's Transportation Network against Earthquake

abstract:
DUPLICATE of #79  Abstract:


Transportation besides housing, working and recreation, is one of the substantial four urban functions. This activity is an affective and being affected on the other activities. Inefficiency and closing of network after earthquake is the biggest problem for assisting, and also it can increase the victims and damages. Tehran is recognized as a mega polis, more over, it is political center of Iran, and it can be a pattern for other mega cities. Therefore, only damages which will be happened in this city by natural disasters, could affect all over the country. Highways and streets of Tehran (it is more than 2000 km) have several problems in the peak hour, then certainly when the earthquake occurs, it will being critical conditions. Recognizing vulnerability and efficiency of Tehran networks, and manifesting improved solutions towards achieving sustainable transportation, is the main theme of this article. At first, set forth the damages which Tehran's network transportation will face against earthquake then will bring forward the solutions.


Key words:
Sustainable transportation, Earthquake, Vulnerability.


abstract_title:
Towards social indicators for project life cycle management purposes

abstract:
Industry has experienced a shift in stakeholder pressures from environmental to social-related concerns, where new developments in the form of projects and technologies are undertaken. However, the measurement of social impacts and the calculation of suitable indicators are less well developed compared to environmental indicators in order to assess the potential liabilities associated with undertaken projects and technologies. A Social Impact Indicator (SII) calculation procedure is subsequently introduced based on a previously introduced Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) calculation procedure for environmental Resource Impact Indicators (RIIs). The practicability of the SII procedure is demonstrated in the context of the process industry in South Africa. The case studies establish that social footprint information as well as project- and technology social data are not readily available in the South African process industry. Consequently, the number of social categories that can be evaluated are minimal, which results in an impaired social picture when compared to the environmental dimension. It is concluded that a quantitative social impact assessment method cannot be applied for project and technology life cycle management purposes in industry at present. It is recommended that checklists and guidelines be used during project and technology life cycle management practices.


abstract_title:
Contribution to the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Limbe Power Project: Case of the Independent Valuation of Project Affected Crops

abstract:
The Limbe Botanic Garden (LBG) provides functions and services that assist the Cameroon government to fulfill its commitments under international and national protocols and laws. This role is being strengthened as the institution consolidates and expands its programme, through the ongoing transformation into a semi-autonomous institution, ‘The Mount Cameroon Biodiversity Conservation Centre’.   LBG benefits from an experienced and recognized cadre of professionals including botanists, zoologists, socio-economists, foresters, geographical information system specialists, crop extension experts and outreach specialists that provide a range of research, information and training services. 

Because of its status LBG’s services are solicited in impact assessments studies notably fauna and flora, socio-economic and independent valuation surveys. This paper describes the methodology used during the crop valuation studies for the Limbe Power Project.  Project Affected Crop owners cultivated a multiplicity of crops ranging form 1 to 16.  More than 230 small farms were surveyed.  Monoculture plantations were owned mostly by the Cameroon Development Corporation.  Crop inventory and valuation techniques differed in the two farming systems.
Survey outcome:inventory of crops per Project Affected Crop Owner, the development of a fair compensation rate for the affected crops and compensation of the affected crop owners.

add_info:
I am applying for the capacity building stipend. I will be ready to review my abstract if it does not meet the required standards


abstract:
Hydropower projects are large-scale and carry profound impacts on both local and regional context. The present study targets social consequences, drawing on the author’s experience during the past decade on how to address key social issues in hydropower and rural electrification projects. The examples selected are from Angola, Namibia, Lesotho, Nicaragua and Vietnam, and have by and large had Sida (Swedish) support. Lessons learnt from selection of key issues and applying screening techniques under tight budget and time restrictions are reflected upon. The complexity in social impacts is considerable, which in the studied projects has lead to needs of developing techniques of using indicators focusing on key issues, such as resettlement, ethnicity, poverty, regional development (upstream and downstream), migration and market integration. Development of stakeholder involvement to various extent in different projects has brought a range of core issues for sustainable development into investigation of potentially positive and negative consequences from project construction and operation. The study illustrates the assessment capacity of methods developed with findings from key areas for hydropower project development and what kind of information about social key issues can be generated in a cost efficient manner. Lastly: Do planners use the generated new knowledge?


abstract_title:
Promotion of EA Education focussing on non-EU countries

organization:
Austrian Institute for the Development of Environmental Assessment (ANIDEA)

abstract:
Under its "Erasmus Mundus" programme the European Commission is
funding a project on "Promotion of European educatioN on environmental
assessment for Third country Audience" (PENTA). A consortium of four
institutions, led by University of Technology Bratislava and joined by University of
Technology Lisbon, University of Liverpool and the Austrian Institute
for the Development of Environmental Assessment, aims at enhancing
attractiveness of environmental assessment (EA) courses in Europe and attracting third country students to deal with EA issues.

PENTA's target groups are higher education institutions from non-EU
countries and their academics, students and management staff as well as
international academic and students` organisations. The intended main
outputs of PENTA are:
1) Development of an EA curriculum, serving as teaching format for
universities
2) Elaboration of a handbook on EA for university lecturers
3) Elaboration of a textbook on strategic environmental assessment
(SEA) for academics and students
4) Elaboration of a library brochure in order to promote European EA
education
5) Launching a web site on EA for disseminating the PENTA products, database creation regarding EA education
6) Organisation of two EA seminars for higher education institutions
from third countries.

PENTA started in October 2005, its duration is two years.


abstract_title:
Decision-aiding methodology for choice of appropriate pollution control technique in regard of EIA remediation suggestion

organization:
School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology

abstract:
An important part of EIA is the remediation suggestions. However, how to chose the appropriate pollution control techniques (APCT) depends on local environmental situation, economic development, and social factors. It is difficult for EIA engineers to make their selection. In order to help EIA engineers as well as decision makers to make better remediation suggestions, we develop a set of methodology to evaluate pollution control techniques. 
In this paper, Decision lab 2000, using Preference Ranking Organization Method of Enrichment Evaluation, is used as working software. Water pollution control is defined as case study. The biochemical treatment techniques consisting of 11 techniques are selected as alternatives for evaluation. The evaluation system includes 32 criteria based on three levels – technique level, economic level and social level. For defining the weights of each criterion, Analytical Hierarchy Process is applied. Results obtained from this case study showed that under different local conditions, the APCTs might be quite different. This implies only based on a better understanding of local condition can an EIA engineer provide appropriate remediation suggestions. 

Keywords: EIA remediation suggestion, Decision-aiding methodology, Appropriate pollution control techniques

a2_org:
School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology

a3_org:
School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology


abstract_title:
Environmental Index to Evaluate Saemangeum Reclamation Project (II)

organization:
Dept. of Env. Engineering, The University of Suwon

abstract:
Saemangeum Reclamation Project was started in 1991 at the western coast of Korea. Upon Completion in 2011, it will make a man-made lake of 11,800 ha and 28,300 ha agricultural area for rice production.  At the center of the controversy are what is the definition of 'pro-environment' and how to measure it.
 Tha nature of pro-environment consists of five elements: natural resources, energy, pollution load, biological diversity, and social amenity. The researchers have identified 69 environmental indicators through Delphi survey carried out three times. The environmental indicators were applied to two existing reclamation sites, in order to test the validity and applicability of the indicators.
 For these 69 environmental indicators, a detailed manual was developed which includes the definition, measurement method, necessity & usage, desired level in the planning stage, evaluation criteria, management methods, and references.  Out of 69 environmental indicators, 26 core indicators were identified to give priority in the situation of time and budget constraints.
 The weighting factors among the five elements of pro-environment were computed by adopting AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method.  The Comprehensive Environmental Index could be obtained by applying the weighting factors to the five elements of pro-environment.

a2_org:
Yonsei Institute of Environmental Science & Technology

a3_org:
Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development, Pukyung University


abstract_title:
Environmental impact assessment of aircraft noise around airports in Korea

abstract:
The noise pollution caused by air traffic is one of the popular environmental issues, which consistently gives rise to public discussion today, especially among local residents near airports in Korea. In this study we demonstrate how a consideration of the comprehensive land-use plan designed around an airport, including the estimation of population density, could improve the methods of noise impact assessment. A particular methodological tool includes the development of noise maps for several airports and their surrounding residential areas in order to identify quantitatively the influence of the aircraft noise based on the INM model. The map data indicates that the predicted noise levels would relatively reflect well what we expect from a direct measurement. In general, there is a growing tendency in Korea that large residential areas are constructed, due to a high population density, in flatlands around airports, which would have the negative impact of aircraft noise on local health. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to restrict a build-up of large residential area in the vicinity of airports where noise level exceeds 70 WECPNL in accordance with appropriate mitigation measures.


abstract_title:
Technical and Legal Nature Conservation Requirements for New Spatial Planning Instruments in the Exclusive Economy Zone

abstract:
New options for the regulation of spatial interests in the Exclusive Economy Zone (North and Baltic Seas) were implemented in 2004, as a result of the amendment of the German Spatial Planning Law. The protection of the marine environment was to be incorporated into this “off-shore” spatial planning strategy. For this purpose, a research project at the Berlin University of Technology identified technical and procedural conditions to be considered for the successful integration of environmental and conservationist objectives in offshore spatial planning. 
The project addressed the question as to how to specify objectives under the Federal Nature Conservation Law, given the spatial conditions of the Exclusive Economy Zone. Opportunities for a legal and technical framework according to nature conservation requirements have been identified. Criteria for a comprehensive assessment of various valuable nature conservation areas have been developed. The valuable ecological zones have been illustrated by means of maps in an accompanying report. The presentation held at the IAIA Conference will focus on the main results of this research project.


organization:
University of Liverpool, Department of Civic Design

abstract:
If SEA is to develop into an effective decision support instrument globally, it should not just rely on the input provided by a selected group of countries only. In this context, the understanding of how to apply SEA effectively in different planning systems is unlikely to improve if the knowledge about those systems is limited. This paper establishes what appears to make SEA effective in two countries with different planning systems; Italy and the UK. Italy is chosen as an example, representing a specific Southern-European/ Mediterranean planning culture, which to date has not contributed to the SEA literature to any great extent. Based on empirical observations, it is suggested that the SEA effectiveness elements normally portrayed in professional literature are not fully valid. The UK is chosen as an example which represents a specific Northern-European planning culture. Countries representing this planning culture have contributed heavily to the international SEA literature and have influenced the development of SEA theory strongly. Here, SEA effectiveness criteria portrayed in the professional literature indeed appear to be valid. As part of a PhD research project, this paper builds on the presentations at the IAIA meetings in Vancouver and Boston.

a2_org:
University of Liverpool, Department of Civic Design


abstract_title:
SEIA in Peru and the identification of required capacities for his effective application in the Agriculture and Forestry Sector

street_add:
Calle Valle Riestra  650-E. Pueblo Libre

abstract:
Peru has a new legislation about SEIA. But, his application faces big challenges and restraints. The principal research questions are What capacities can be identified as necessaries for its effective application in the agricultural and forestry sector?, What are the differences with Systems of other countries?. In this paper, we compared those characteristics and our analysis is focused specifically in the agricultural and forestry sector. We identify the principal threats, positive and negative impacts over the environment and natural resources produced from the Agricultural and Forestry activities, and identify the required capacities how the system contribute in mitigate those impacts.


abstract_title:
Air Quality Assessment on Industrial Complex Development in Korea

abstract:
Korea has two-step environmental assessment for industrial complex development. One is PERS(Preliminary Environmental Review System), and the other is EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment). The purpose of each system is different. whereas the purpose of PERS is to decide whether the site for project or development plan is appropriate with respect to environment, the main goal of EIA is reducing adverse effect. In order to confirm the site suitability of industrial complex, PERS statement prepared by proponent is required before designation of industrial complex. One of key factor at the PERS stage is air quality impact caused by industrial complex operation on residential area in the vicinity of industrial complex. In assessing air quality impact, it is examined that status quo of the residential area(ex. distance, topographical blocking etc.), the amount of individual air pollutant emitted, on-site meteorological conditions, air pollution modeling, reduction measures. In general, four reduction measures, that is, rearrangement of factory layout, exclusions of factories providing bad effect, application of end-of-pipe technology, and installation of green buffer zone, are examinde. When predicted individual air pollutant concentration exceeds national(or local) ambient air quality standards, site alternatives should be considered.


abstract_title:
Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Hebei Province, China

organization:
Bureau of Land& Resources in Baoding City, Hebei Province

abstract:
EIA work becomes more extensive in the world because of its importance and practicability and becomes a powerful safeguard in the project planning process. Every country has its own EIA system. It is an aid to decision-making and to minimization or elimination of environmental impacts at early planning stage. The EIA process has basis potential for negotiation between the developer, public interest groups and the planning regulator. Many methods for EIA are such as matrices, checklists, overlay maps, networks. Geothermal resources are abundant in Hebei Province, China and utilized widely, created high economic and environmental benefits. EIA hasn’t been developed in this field there. The author suggests that EIA should be hold on as early as possible in geothermal field in Hebei for enhancing more benefits. The purpose of this report is to use a suitable method to carry out EIA for geothermal field in Hebei through comparison with methods of EIA used throughout the world. Some recommendations as: matrices and checklists used for impact identification and potential impacts, pollution factors index method used for quantitative analysis of pollutant components and degree of pollution. Prediction and mitigating measures should be improved beyond the present local technical level.


abstract_title:
STREAMLINING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) PROCESS IN INDONESIA

organization:
Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia

abstract:
Effectiveness is always an issue in the application of EIA during planning stages. Complaints due to time-consuming and bureaucratic process are always raised along the EIA process before an approval is granted to a project proposal. This becomes a critical issue in the application of an EIA system, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. 

Environmental authority in Indonesia assigned a special team and launched a program to revitalize its EIA system. This program reviews the overall EIA system which has been implemented since 1986. A crucial output is the streamlined EIA process without neglecting the quality of assessment. This program was supported by the World Bank through a series of studies.

A concept of streamlined EIA mechanism has been created and this needs field exercise. This gains momentum when the government plans developments in the post tsunami area in Aceh. The streamlined EIA meets the need of many donor agencies where EIA could also be utilised to represent the accountability of their donations. The UNDP assists the introduction of new EIA mechanism. The exercise shows a significant time reduction in the EIA process and it is hoped to implement this mechanism national-wide. 

Keywords: Effectiveness, EIA, streamlining, time reduction.


abstract_title:
APPRAISAL DRILLING OF GEOTHERMAL WELLS IN OLKARIA (IV) DOMES, KENYA. BASELINE STUDIES AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS.

organization:
KENYA ELECTRICITY GENERATING COMPANY LTD.

abstract:
The scope of the study was limited to socioeconomic impacts of drilling appraisal wells in Olkaria Domes (IV) in Naivasha Kenya. The study was done to supplement the technical and other environmental studies in the project area and to meet the Kenyan national legal environmental requirements.  It is clear from the findings that the study area has undergone tremendous social and economic revolution in the last two decades mainly from rapid expansion in commercial agriculture and population growth, which has not been matched with adequate infrastructure and proper natural resource utilization. The study analyzes the status of existing infrastructural services and socioeconomic baseline conditions and projects the expected impacts of the drilling project on that set-up. Due to the short-term nature of the project (one year), most of the expected impacts will have no adverse socio-economic significance on the area. The study also makes recommendation on what the government, the implementing agency (KenGen) and the stakeholders should do to in future to enhance socioeconomic benefits and conserve the resources of the area.


abstract_title:
The Effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Follow-Up with regard to Biodiversity Conservation

abstract:
The Effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Follow-Up with regard to Biodiversity Conservation

Dr. Ramzi H. Bataineh (Ph.D)
CCIC 
BTC-SCP Pipeline Projects
Environmental Manager
Email:ramzihus@yahoo.com

Abstract 
This paper investigates the effectiveness of the EIA during the construction of  the BTC Oil Pipeline Project in Azebaijan. The focus of the study is to examine the performance of the Biodiversity conservation measures on the Territory of Gobustan Area . The area is considered as badland and environmentally sensitive. The environmental impacts and the corresponding mitigation measures are highlighted. The key argument in the study is that the establishment of an integrated environmental monitoring system is central to the success of  the EIA follow-up. The study suggests further research to explore the contextual factors behind best practices generated within a developing environmental governance system.


abstract_title:
IMPACT OF  WAR ON THE USE OF POPULATION AROUND THE  NATIONAL PARK OF THE VIRUNGA ( DRCongo )

more_authors:
We are work bouth in Association for Impact assessment and need to participate with this short contribution in the meeting.

abstract:
IMPACT OF  WAR ON THE USE OF POPULATION AROUND THE  NATIONAL PARK OF THE VIRUNGA 



The Democratic republic of Congo is one of the having country of the largest Africa, whose population is poorest in the world. Effects the one decade of the wars and wars on the social, economic, cultural, and physique of country are dramatic. This poverty, associated by demographic growth, the migrations.. ; are the main causes of the environmental pollution in the protected areas. The wars caused an invasion and an occupation of 3/4 of the seeking park by the population: 
1.of the cultivable grounds, wood from eating    and 
2.of the animals: source of returned, inducing impacts in natural resources. However, we must fight against poverty by accompanying the development by using the natural resources and their conservation and thus to optimize the development while preserving zones particularly vunérables and whose ecological value is single. It is the case of the National park of Virunga. Grounds extremement fertile in the area, attract strong human densities of Afrique (more than 400 habitants/Km2) for the culture.

add_info:
We need more informations about the meeting by e-mail adress

a2_org:
INSTITUT CONGOLAIS POUR LA CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN    Power Industry and Community Engagement: From Fear To Fact

abstract:
WITHDRAWN   For many in the electricity industry and financial community, consultation during the Environmental Impact Assessment is how participation is achieved. Faith in consultation has replaced fear and consultation is no longer considered a short, rubber stamping activity.  It has gained momentum as an integral process for minimising risk, building buy-in, and improving sustainability of energy projects.  Yet consultation stops short of more meaningful community engagement which brings even more benefits related to advancing a corporation's reputation and promoting a healthy long-term financial performance.  Certainly there are challenges including low levels of capacity and organisational to engage with community stakeholders but these can be addressed. 

The objectives of this paper are to:
•	Review the participation continuum
•	Consider what the current responsibilities and expectations of private sector financial institutions and of the power industry are in regards to consultation and participation.
•	Examine some recent examples of community engagement by power operators to understand key challenges as well as mechanisms that can work.


abstract_title:
Integrating Environmental Assessment and GIS technologies to support participatory decision making for forest resources in developing countries

abstract:
Natural resource managers throughout the world are incorporating new technologies and adopting new assessment and monitoring strategies in order to accurately assess degradation of natural resources. Such technologies such as GIS and Environmental Assessment have become increasingly more popular. Though numerous development projects in urban areas utilize these technologies to assist in the decision making process, this is not the case in rural communities that encroach upon endangered ecosystems. Furthermore conservation organizations focus on developing vast sets of data illustrating the degree of environmental degradation but fail to isolate the most threatening factors of destruction: resource users. This project seeks to help communities utilize this data to help them develop sustainable management strategies that address their needs and prevent further ecological damage.


abstract_title:
Discussion on Environmental Problems of Geothermal Developments in China

organization:
Institute of Tianjin geothermal exploration and development designing

abstract:
Geothermal resources are renewable energy, the developments of geothermal is a complex system project. The impacts of geological environment should be considered when we take advantage of the predominance of geothermal resources. China is rich in geothermal energy; the geothermal reserves make up 7.9% of that part of the world. Geothermal resources have been widely used in industrial production, heating, bathing, greenhouse, aquacultivation, medical treatment and health care, mineral water development, and tourism. Geothermal energy plays an important part in promoting economic development, improving urban and rural environment, and raising the quality of life. In this paper, the author introduces the environmental problems of geothermal developments in China.

a2_org:
Institute of Tianjin geothermal exploration and development designing

a3_org:
Tianjin Geological Engineering Perambulation Institute

a4_org:
Institute of Tianjin geothermal exploration and development designing


abstract_title:
Comparative study of SEA like approaches in Japan

abstract:
Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA) like approaches are currently in place in Japan, which are mostly introduced by several local governments, such as Tokyo metropolitan government, Saitama perpetual government, and is also conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, which they call PI system.
These approaches are limited in the target PPPs and process for assessment. And it is difficult to say that these are SEA in the real sense of the term. In this presentation, the focus is on the differences of these approaches, such as PI and selected local governmental approaches in Japan, and world SEA experiences(however it may be difficult to explain the definition of SEA).Then I will discuss the possible SEA system in Japanese planning process.


abstract_title:
Geothermal Resources of Tianjin in China and Environmental Problems

organization:
Institute of Tianjin Geothermal Exploration and Development Designing

abstract:
Today environmental aspects of geothermal development are receiving increasing attention with a shift in attitudes towards the world’s natural resources. Choice of the optimal system of geothermal resources development should take into account all the environmental, economical and social factors. Up to date more than 250 geothermal wells have been drilled in Tianjin, China. The productions of geothermal water reach to 25 million cubic meters per year and used for space heating, green house, bathing, fishing farm, medical treatment, health care and other uses. This has brought great benefit to urban air quality improvement and economic development. In this paper, environmental impacts of geothermal developments and measures to promote geothermal sustainable development in Tianjin are discussed.

a2_org:
Institute of Tianjin Geothermal Exploration and Development Designing

a3_org:
Institute of Tianjin Geothermal Exploration and Development Designing


abstract_title:
Strategic Environmental Assessment Implementation in China- A case of SEA for National Economy and Society Development Plan

organization:
Research Center for Strategic Environmental Assessment, Nankai University

abstract:
The legal status of environmental impact assessment (EIA) for plan which is a type of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was enacted by the adoption of EIA Law of China in October 2002.similar to the SEA experiences in most countries, the EIA Law does not apply to policies and the national economy & society development plan, which is the at the highest level of Chinese planning hierarchy. In 2005, the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) launched 3 pilot studies in Wuhan, Dalian and Inner mongolia, to conduct SEA for national economy & society development plan for these three regions respectively. This is one of the three pilot studies that consider how to integrated SEA into the higher level government decision making. This paper also explains the methodology and management procedure of SEA in China.

a2_org:
Research Center for Strategic Environmental Assessment, Nankai University


abstract_title:
Compensatory Measures under Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive - Methodological Experiences and Requirements

abstract:
In case of unavoidable impairment of areas belonging to the European ecological network NATURA 2000, Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive requires that compensatory measures must be implemented to preserve the coherence of the NATURA 2000 network. 

An international exchange of experience was hosted by the Berlin University of Technology, inviting experts to discuss the technical implementation of compensatory measures in the EU member states. Estimating the results of this event, in the overall context of the coherence of NATURA 2000, four central dimensions regarding the technical requirements for compensatory measures are to be taken into account:
1. What? (The functional qualitative aspects), 
2. Where? (The spatial aspects), 
3. How much? (The quantitative aspects), and 
4. When? (The time-frame).

Beside these four central questions concerning the quality of compensatory measures the paper also addresses procedural requirements for the planning, the implementation and the monitoring of the compensatory measures.

The qualification profile of the compensatory measures shows parallels to the ecological compensation demanded in the context of German intervention regulations. So methodological experiences can be used for the calculation of compensatory measures under Art. 6 (4) of the Habitats Directive.


abstract_title:
(WITHDRAWN) Characteristics, Issues, and Reform Plans of the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment

abstract:
(WITHDRAWN) Through rapid growth in the 1970s and 80s, Korea has become a member of the OECD. In the developing years, which were the late 70s, Korea introduced the EIA and it was enforced in the early 80s. Over the years, through numerous trials and errors, the Korean EIA has developed into a concept fitting into the Korean society. At the present time, the Environmental Policy Act(2000) reflecting concepts of the SEA and Act on the Assessment of Impacts of Works on Environment, Traffic, Disasters, etc.(2000) have been established. Also, it has been effectively operating as a strong and broad regulation method for preserving the environment led by the Ministry of Environment. Recently, the public’s understanding of preserving the environment has extremely increased and environmental NGOs’ social influence has also advanced. The Korean society is socially, environmentally and abruptly changing. As a result, the present EIA policy, which has evolved through the country’s developing years, needs fundamental alterations in operation systems. In this thesis, the characteristics of the Korean EIA policy will be discussed. Also, a study of current problems and the necessity to change the Korean EIA administrative structure for a new paradigm is presented.

add_info:
Author contacted HQ 31 January. Has resubmitted as a paper and asked HQ to withdraw this entry. jh


abstract:
The city of Nairobi has grown from a railways terminus with a population of a few hundred people at the turn of the twentieth century into a metropolis of more than three million inhabitants. There has been unplanned rapid urban expansion as a result of rural-urban migration in search for informal employment in the city’s industrial areas. This has resulted in the growth of cheap unplanned housing-slums thus impacting the environment negatively as the slum areas lack adequate sanitation and infrastructure. These areas have experienced reduced access to clean safe water, increased risks to health, loss of sustainable livelihood among the riparian communities, loss of recreation facilities, and insecurity among others. However all is not lost as promising ongoing initiatives have been developed with the support of different stakeholders to help restore the integrity of the environment. This paper will attempt to address one such initiative that has also ‘domesticated’ the Millenium Development Goals.


abstract_title:
Is EIA Follow-up Casting a Shadow on Open Cast Coal Mining in India?

abstract:
Since the stipulation of EIA as a regulatory process for environmental decision-making in India, emphasis has been laid on developing  institutional procedures and capacity to co-ordinate and monitor environmental status and policies. However, project specific follow-up has been neglected. This has reduced EIA in many cases to a sheer exercise on paper.

The aim of this paper is to review the current practices of EIA follow-up in the open cast coalmines in India. In order to achieve this a number of EIA reports of open cast coal projects submitted to the Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) during the period 1997 to 2004 were reviewed. The work further investigated the Indian follow-up mechanism by drawing from case studies of three open cast coalmines situated in three different states in India. 

The study revealed that even after a decade since EIA has been made mandatory in India, some of the projects are still operating without an EIA clearance. Although there are several authorities shouldering overlapping responsibilities for observing compliance, follow-up is yet to become a reality. The study helped in exploring possible evidences of regional variation, which may hold the key to improve future follow-ups.


abstract_title:
Cumulative Effects Assessment: are we on the right track?

organization:
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria

abstract:
Environmental Impact Assessment in Nigeria is concerned with the management of effects of individual projects on the environment. 

In Shell Nigeria (SPDC), 158 projects have received EIA approvals from the Federal Ministry of Environment. None of these projects however, assessed cumulative effects, and references obtained are linked to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), an aspect that has not been studied in Nigeria. 

The Afam Integrated project of SPDC comprises the construction of a 600-700 MW gas-fired power plant; field development and operation of a gas plant; construction of accommodation facilities for plant workers; and construction of an LPG evacuation line.  These projects are covered by separate EIAs and commence between 2006-2008 within an area of 3 km2, with a need to assess cumulative effects.

In assessing cumulative effects of the four projects, the impacts were identified, assessed and rated in the individual EIAs, then the significant impacts that would occur in all four projects within the same period were assessed to be cumulative and mitigation measures proposed for the negative impacts. 

This paper presents the cumulative effects assessment method used and seeks improvements from experienced practitioners.
 

Key words:Cumulative effects, impact assessment, Afam Integrated Projects,


abstract_title:
Financial Institutions and Impact Assessment: Learning from Each Other

abstract:
Since the 1980s, financial institutions (FIs) have become increasingly aware that their activities can have an impact on the environment. While the operational activities of FIs may affect the environment directly, it is the impact of the projects realized with the financing by FIs that can have a far more substantial effect on the environment. Despite their obvious importance, such indirect impacts of FI decisions have had little attention to date.  While such impacts can clearly be identified and quantified, what is, or should be, the involvement and responsibilities of the FIs in this? 
This paper describes a research project that is in its early stages. The intention is to investigate existing links between tools and methods currently used in environmental management (environmental impact assessment, sustainability reports, etc.) and the  existing project financing practices in a commercial banks in Hungary and Australia. FIs may be able to adjust their processes to allow for better utilisation of external environmental assessment information.  The key is likely to be the advantages to the FIs of a systematic assessment of indirect environmental impacts as a way to reduce both their direct and indirect risks.

a2_job:
Professor, Dean, Faculty of Environmental Sciences


abstract_title:
A Soil Inventory Concept: Bridging Human Society and Ecosystem

organization:
Natural Resources Inventory Center, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

abstract:
The period from ‘Silent Spring’ to ‘Limit to Growth’, we consider it to be the era of ‘Alarm Bell’. Before the eighties, human attitude was rather passive in solving the problems of environmental destruction. From Rio Summit on, now we are in the era of ‘What to do’. An outcome is the Kyoto Protocol. As one of the key issues beyond the Kyoto Protocol, we recognize the importance of Soil Inventory concept, Soil is a catalyzer of unlimited solar energy incorporation into the earth. It is a responsibility for anyone to fix solar energy as a biomass or others.  By recognizing responsibility of ourselves, we can establish a solid basis for sustainable management of our limited Earth. To share the concept of Soil Inventory as public goods is a must for sustainable future of sound human ecosystem on the Earth. For strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and for land use planning, Soil Inventory concept is an important knowledgebase. The government of Japan has recently started pioneer work on this kind by establishing the Inventory Center, which is a touchstone for drawing a blueprint of steady state society.

a2_org:
Lab. of Soil Science,Tokyo Uniiversity of Agriculture & Technology


abstract_title:
Environmental Burden of Disease studies – differences explored

organization:
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)

abstract:
Environmental factors can affect health and quality of life. To compare such problems, which differ in type and scope, integrated measures can be used to quantify their health impact. One of these a measures is the DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years), which considers the loss of life expectancy due to premature mortality, loss of quality of life due to disease, and the number of people affected. 

We have quantified the public health impacts of air pollution (PM10 and ozone), noise, radiation (radon and UV) and indoor dampness using DALYs. Overall, around 2 to 5 % (up to 13% including the uncertain effects of long-term PM10 exposure) of the disease burden in the Netherlands is estimated to be attributable to these environmental factors. 

DALYs calculated in different studies often vary, and it is important to know what causes this variation - calculation methods, baseline assumptions, definitions or input data-  since this influences interpretation and comparability of results. We have compared the results of 17 international environmental burden of disease studies (including our own). 

Results of DALY studies mainly vary due to different (indicators of) environment and health determinants being assessed. Sources and methodologies to derive input data do generally not vary significantly.

a2_org:
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)

a3_org:
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)


abstract_title:
Post-normal science, local lay knowledge and plural rationalities

abstract:
This paper outlines three theoretical perspectives that could act as important foundations for moving forward HIA theory by integrating the diverging perspectives on whether HIA should be expert-led or community-led.

The post-normal science perspective argues that when facts are uncertain and decisions urgent - when normal science cannot predict consequences with any degree of certainty and decisions with a strong socio-political dimension need to be made - then using an extended peer community of affected stakeholders to review and ‘quality assure’ the facts can lead to more consensual, accurate and robust science-based decision-making.

The local lay knowledge perspective argues that individuals and communities have localised experiential knowledge about their social and natural environment; the key individual, organisational and institutional actors that work within them; and how these interact with each other. This knowledge, especially in situations where the science is uncertain, can be incorporated into scientific assessment to better apply the more universal and general findings that science provides.

The plural rationalities perspective argues that individuals, groups and institutions develop a set of values and ways of understanding and interacting with the world. In situations of uncertainty these rationalities or worldviews collide and result in conflict.


abstract_title:
Guidelines for classification and assessment of significance in EIA and SEA in Iceland

abstract:
A revised EIA Act took effect in Iceland on Oct. 1st 2005. Among the changes made to the Act was the inclusion of new provisions regarding the publication of guidelines by the National Planning Agency: “The classification of  and criteria for environmental impacts”.

The main objective of these guidelines is to promote co-ordination as well as transparency  in EIS coverage of the environmental impacts of projects,  plans and programmes with regard to the environmental factors addressed in the statement, the criteria used for assessment and the usage of various impact concepts as well as to provide guideline concepts for assessing significance.

The guidelines provide recommendations for the classification of environmental factors, usage of concepts regarding the attributes of the relevant environmental impacts, e.g. temporary, negative, reversible etc as well as a methodology to assess the significance of the impacts on the specific relevant environmental factors, using concepts that convey significance, e.g. substantial negative impacts, considerable positive impacts, negligible impacts etc. 

The paper will address the preparatory work by members of the NPA staff as well as the end result, the guidelines themselves.


abstract_title:
The path for a legalized EIA practice in Tanzania: The potential for success and challenges

organization:
University of Lands and Architectural Studies

abstract:
Tanzania is determined to achieve sustainable development goals.  In this pursuit, the government has established legal framework and institutions to support and mainstream environment in the development realm.  Among them are the National Environmental Policy, Environmental Management Act, revised sectoral policies and laws (with deliberate inclusion of environmental safeguards), and a full ministry responsible for environment etc, all achieved in the past fifteen years (1990-2005).  The National Environment Management Council (NEMC) has also been re-established with the new legislation and conferred more enforcement powers. The recent (2005), establishment of regulations governing the conduct of EIA administration and practice in the country, gives more impetus to the environmental sustainability motorcade. Furthermore, there is a political will and citizens’ concern on environmental deterioration both of which are supportive to the environmental protection agenda. However, along the path of EIA conduct there are many other hurdles to overcome before EIA is seen meaningful to many Tanzanians.  The realities of poverty, low awareness, corruption, inadequate data and means for environmental quality verification and many others all impinge on EIA conduct in our country.  This paper discusses the plight of EIA practice and its associated challenges in Tanzania.


abstract_title:
The Evolving Role of the National Energy Board of Canada: Challenges & Opportunities

abstract:
Theme: Energy
Concurrent Session Topic: impact assessment of hydrocarbon pipelines

The National Energy Board (NEB) is an independent, court-like body that was established in 1959 to regulate certain aspects of the Canadian energy industry.  The NEB’s vision is to be a respected leader in energy regulation that protects and enables in the Canadian public interest.  The public interest is inclusive of all Canadians and refers to a balance of economic, environmental and social interests which changes as society’s values and preferences evolve over time.  As a regulator, the NEB must estimate the overall public good a project may create and its potential negative aspects, weight its various impacts, and make a decision.  

Stakeholders continue to have high expectations of the NEB as a leader in Canadian energy regulation, and the NEB has faced challenges and found opportunities to fulfill its mandate.  This presentation explores the following themes as the NEB explores and defines its future role as an energy regulator in Canada, using examples and case studies:

•Delivering clarity and efficiency in the regulatory and environmental assessment (EA) processes for hydrocarbon pipelines in Canada.
•Engaging stakeholders and enabling effective involvement in regulatory and EA processes.


abstract_title:
Health impact assessment of air pollutant from tunnel portal

abstract:
Since 1990's the air pollution caused by vehicles has become a severe human health demage, the pollutants caused by emission from vehicles in large cities including Seoul metropolitan area exceeded 80% of total pollutants.
Particularly, the pollutants emitted in the tunnels are emitted through tunnel portals and the level and range of their impact may be considerably larger than that of roads.
However, it were very poor that the studies focused on the human health impact of pollutants emitted from tunnel portals, therefore this study is focused on this problem.
The important in estimation of the impact of pollutants emitted from tunnel portals is to consider the characteristics of emission from tunnel portals. There is tunnel exit velocity at the exits of tunnels caused by tunnel ventilation and flow of vehicles; the impact on near area is different by whether or not of consideration of these factors and the nearer to tunnel exits, the larger the impact. Thus, this study was performed focused on how much impact estimation methods imply the characteristics of emission from tunnel exits and the classification/equivalent emission strength model of Japan was found to express the characteristics of emission from tunnel exits most excellently.


abstract_title:
Social impact assessment in regional land-use planning

abstract:
The social dimension of impact assessment has been poorly developed in regional land-use planning. This is a clear shortcoming, because the questions of social sustainability have become more important challenge in regional development.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the contents, methods and working practices of social impact assessment (SIA) in regional land-use planning in Finland. In Finland, there are very recent new developments in this area. The new Land Use and Building Act (year 2000) brought impact assessment as an integral part of land-use planning.

The research was divided into following subquestions:

a) What are the contents and methods of social impact assessment in regional land-use planning?
b) How is social impact assessment integrated into the regional planning process and decision-making?
c) How can plan-making benefit from social impact assessment? Does social impact assessment alter the planning processes and the contents of regional plan-making? If so, what does this mean?

The methodology 

The SIA’s of regional plans were analysed and validated as well as complemented by non-structured interviews of the local planners. The gathered knowledge of assessment practicies were presented as a report of best practicies.


abstract_title:
SEA Handbook for EU Cohesion Policy for 2007-2013

organization:
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe

abstract:
The Handbook has been prepared within a project under Greening Regional Development Programmes (GRDP), which is a European-wide network funded by the EU InterregIIIC programme, by the GRDP partnership through a collaborative process. It was initiated to answer to requests for guidance on the environmental assessment of Cohesion Policy plans and programmes.  

During the preparation of the Handbook, good practices, practical solutions, and challenges in integrating the environment into regional development were analysed. This work has shown that one of the best opportunities for integration of environment into programmes and funding plans is sound, rigorous and participatory environmental assessment of proposed plans and programmes. Key finding of the work was that “Member States should be encouraged to share and adopt good practices for SEA of National Strategic Reference Frameworks, Operational Programmes, and other regional development programmes. It is crucial that environmental objectives be considered at the earliest possible stage of programme development”.

The paper will highlight the main resources needed and procedural guidance in order to carry out SEA for the Cohesion Policy strategic documents. The most important benefit of the Handbook is considered to be the practically of the approach and methods.

a2_org:
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe


abstract_title:
Assessment of Eutrophication for Improving Water Quality Management

organization:
Department of Environmental Engineering, Cheongju University

abstract:
For enhancing water quality management, water quality measurements is indispensable background data. But conventional water quality measurements by point sampling provide only site specific temporal water quality information, not the synoptic geographic coverage of water quality distribution. To overcome these limitations in chemical analysis, the use of advanced techniques is increasingly applied to the water quality monitoring research. 

  In order to assess water quality of Yongdam reservoir which is located at the 200km southwest of Seoul, Korea, water quality data sampled at 33 sites on 16 September and 18 October, 2001 were utilized. The generation of eutrophication map was based on the spectral characteristics of chlorophyll. 

  According to the eutrophication map based on chlorophyll concentration, the trophic state of Yongdam reservoir was mostly eutrophic at that time. This eutrophication map can be utilized for enhancing the adequate mangement and prediction of reservoir water quality. Securing water quality of reservoir satisfactorily is an essential conditions to achieve the sustainability of Yongdam reservoir region community.

add_info:
Abstract updated 3/7/06 per author and DZ.

a2_org:
Department of Environmental Engineering, Cheongju University

a3_org:
Department of Urban Planning, Cheongju University

a4_org:
Dept. of Environmental Eng., Cheongju University


abstract_title:
Development of EIA for Plans and Programmes in China

organization:
Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering

abstract:
It is required in EIA Law in China that EIA should be preparecd for land use, river basins and coastal areas development plans and programmes, and ten specific plans concerning industry, agriculture, stockbreeding, forestry, energy, etc. Up to now, the Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering (ACEE) has finished many technical documents such as Technical Guidelines on EIA for Plans and Programmes, which makes EIA for plans and programmes more practical. At present, seven technical guidelines on EIA for plans and programmes are being developed by ACEE, including comprehensive urban planning, urban transport planning, planning of river basin development, land use planning, overall planning of coal mining area, planning of oil and gas field development and planning of petroleum and chemical base. With the reinforcement of institutional construction, ACEE has recommended 232 organizations for conducting EIA for plans and programmes, and has organized many SEA trainings. The establishment of SEA experts consulting committee is also on the way. As the development of SEA case studies in Inner Mongolia region, Dalian city and Wuhan city, EIA for plans and programmes has been in full swing in China.

suggested_topic:
The Advancement of SEA in Developing Countries


abstract_title:
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER AND SANITATION DELIVERY IN GHANA

abstract:
The attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for rural access to potable water and sanitation has recently received a big boost in Ghana following the adoption of the African Development Bank (AfDB) rural water supply and sanitation Initiative for Africa. Under this Programme, the Ghana Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) will assist four districts in the Ashanti Region of Ghana populated by about 620,000 rural persons to access potable water and sanitation facilities over a 5 year period.  A Strategic Environmental Assessment study was required as a necessary instrument to fulfilling the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 (Act 490) and Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652) for development programmes, and also to confirm the importance and relevance of proposed programmes in line with the Government of Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS). The study led to the formulation of among many other things, environmental principles and guidelines for general and specific issues with respect to community sensitization, project identification, community involvement and ownership, operation and maintenance of facilities etc. The Study assured programme sustainability in Ghana, and the employment of best practices.


abstract_title:
EIA in Egypt: Progress, problems, and the role of international development agencies

organization:
Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University

abstract:
This paper is an insider’s viewpoint on the progress made in EIA in Egypt, the problems it faces, and the role of international development agencies in this respect. The progress lies in the institutionalization of EIA, the publication of general and sectoral guidelines, and the organization of some training workshops. The effectiveness of the EIA process is still, however, doubtful; there is a tendency for large, politically important developments to bypass the EIA process, and EIA is widely seen as a piece of paper that needs to be paid for to get a development permit. The author argues that this situation is mainly due to the socio-political context in which EIA was introduced and is operating in Egypt. The environment is not yet a major concern of the public, the government, or businesses. Most EIA development activities were funded by foreign grants – they were ‘free of charge’, so to speak. Many of the EIA reports reviewers are also consultants to the project developers. That leads to weak EIA studies and reviews. The author concludes his paper by suggesting ways for enhancing the role of international development agencies in enhancing EIA effectiveness in Egypt.


abstract_title:
Integrating Environmental Concerns in Development Planning Process: The Case of Ghana.

abstract:
Environmental Assessment as a planning and environmental management tool has not been fully utilized in the development planning process in Ghana because of low level of EA awareness, weak enforcement of EA legislation, limited capacity and tools/systems. The result is that environmental issues have not been given the due consideration until recently. This has contributed to the development of unsustainable plans, inefficient use of resources and eventual depletion of the country’s resources.  This paper examines the experience of Ghana in integrating environmental issues in the development planning processes at the national and local levels. It would focus on the objectives, methodology and tools used challenges, lessons and the way forward.  It is expected that the lessons from this process would enrich the experience of other African as well as developing countries undertaking similar activities.


abstract_title:
Offshore wind farms - Improving EIA for better Decision-Making

abstract:
The German ecological research on environmental impacts caused by offshore wind farms has produced many results about fauna of North and Baltic Seas and about possible consequences on the marine environment. The question is now on which cause-effect-chains have to be focussed in the decision-making process. Empirical studies on several of the 30 EIA´s which have been elaborated for offshore wind farms in the German Exclusive Economic Zone show that not all potential impacts, which were analysed in the EIS, may influence the decision-making process in the same way. 
In order to support the decision for permission of an offshore wind farm the EIA must focus its contribution in accordance with the legal standards of the authorisation procedure. Therefore it is necessary to identified key indicators needed for the assessment of the impact on the marine environment as well as for the approval process. 
Based on the results of several research projects at the Berlin University of Technology, this paper presents the significant effects of offshore wind farms which would thus in fact be most relevant for the decision. Furthermore it will discuss methodological approaches on assessment criteria and standards to evaluate these impacts.


abstract_title:
Writing environmental impact management law: A South African perspective

job:
Deputy Director: Policy, egislatio nand Correspondence Management

organization:
Department of Enviornmenta lAffairs and Tourism

abstract:
The paper will focus on the process followed to draft the National Environmental Management Act, 107 of 1998 (NEMA) and new EIA regulations with specific focus on problems experienced and lessons 


The fact that the South African Constitution provides that “environment” is a concurrent national and provincial function can be regarded as one of the problems experienced. Since South Africa has nine provinces, it follows that those nine provincial environmental departments must work together with the national department when drafting legislation concerning the environment. Consultations held between government departments as well as with clients contributed to the end product but necessitated a balancing of needs and considerations.

Procurement processes within government and the finding of a suitable consultant proved to be more complicated than expected. At times, expectations and demands were unrealistic and had to be countered by bureaucratic realities. 

Lessons learnt included that law should be based on practical experience.Since legal drafting is a time-consuming exercise it does happen that the goalposts are shifted and new thinking needs to be incorporated during the project.

It is hoped that the sharing of these experiences will assist others who embark on the road to drafting or amending legislation.

a2_org:
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism


abstract_title:
Peliminary enviromental impact assessment for the development  of Tendaho geothermal field,Ethiopia

abstract:
PRELIMINARY ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR   THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TENDAHO GEOTHERMAL AREA, ETHIOPIA

 
                     ABSTRACT

The Tendaho geothermal field is one of the geothermal fields in the Ethiopian rift valley that has been explored by deep drilling.  There is a plan to progress the resource to development in three phases, which includes small scale power plant, deep drilling and medium scale plant. In this report, analysis of the current status of the environment, environmental effects which the proposed development activity may entail and mitigation measures to be taken to reduce impacts to the level of insignificance are discussed. 

Potential impacts of utilization of the resource on the environment are physical, chemical and socio economic.The physical impacts on the geology and the landscape relate to construction activities and the abstraction of water from the reservoir. Given the chemical concentration of the geothermal fluids, the risk of contaminating the ground water by waste water disposal is considered low. Air emission during operation will cause no significant contamination of the air, since the gas content of the resource is low. The impacts on the socio economic condition are mainly positive, including a rise in employment opportunities and an indirect stimulation of rural development.


abstract_title:
EIA – from description of destruction to an instrument for sustainable development

organization:
Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research, NIBR

abstract:
In a paper written for the Norwegian EIA Yearbook 2005, the evolution of EIA from 1960 to 2005 is described under the following headings: 
•	The world wide spread of EIA
•	Important developments of EIA
•	A broad international EIA-discussion 
•	EIA and sustainable development: from EIA to SEA
•	The IAIA conferences – the big issues and the long-term perspectives  

Central sources for the paper are the Journals Impact Assessments and Project appraisal and Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Conference Programs for the IAIA conferences since 1994 and central books on EIA and SEA. 

Tennøy, Aud (2005): KU internasjonalt – et redskap for bærekraftig utvikling (EIA international – an instrument for sustainable development). In Årbok for konsekvensutredninger 2005 (EIA Yearbook 2005), NIBR, Oslo.


abstract_title:
Human Impact Assessment of the Mackenzie Gas Project

street_add:
Room 5-042, AL 4905B, 269 Laurier Ave W.

abstract:
The Wuskwatim hydroelectric project is a 200 MW project which will flood approximately 0.5 square kilometres of land, in the north-central part of Manitoba, Canada.  The environmental impact assessment of this project is complex, involving two environmental assessment regimes, and involving a partnership with the local aboriginal nation.

This paper will focus on the assessment of effects on people:  the effects of the project on health and socio-economic conditions in a remote area of Canada.  This will include effects on traditional foods, both their potential contamination (such as methylmercury in fish) and accessibility to the foods harvested.  An important consideration is the risks of potential contamination versus benefits of consuming country foods.
Socio-economic concerns include effects on local populations (such as boom and bust economic effects, landscape aesthetics and culture).

Finally, an interesting aspect of this case study is the perception of the project due to past hydroelectric developments in northern Manitoba, and the outcomes of those projects.  The stakeholders' view of the Wuskwatim project is coloured by fears of past human health effects.  This will be considered in the presentation.

add_info:
Key Words: Human Impact Assessment, Northern Gas Development, Social Impact Assessment, Traditional harvesting


abstract_title:
Agenda 21, as an integral component of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of municipal programs

abstract:
From its conception within the Rio Declaration in 1992, Agenda 21 has been constituted as a guide to diagnose environmental problems  of the cities and to define objectives.  The four sections (social and economic dimensions;  conservation and management of resources;  fortification of the function of the main social groups, and ways for the putting them in practice), cover with some way the basic necessities of the population as far as services that provide better conditions of life.  The city of Morelia -Mexico, launched Agenda 21 in coordination with the Research Center of Michoacan (CIDEM) in the year 2004, as result of four meetings where more than 400 people, from the different sectors of the society who have municipal authority, interacted.  Since 2005, a total of 20 different programs related to public services, environmental and public participation, were selected to interact with 72 physical - biological and social aspects in order to form a matrix of qualitative type with more than 1440 qualifications.  The obtained results were able to strengthen the cost/benefit evaluation of the project, to consider alternatives, improve internal procedures and to design measures of prevention and mitigate environmental effects.

a2_add:
Calz. Juarez No. 1446. Villa Universidad


abstract:
China has had more than 25 years’ experience with EIA. The implementation of EIA system in China over the past 20 years e proved that EIA is an effective tool to promote the sustainable development of economy, society and environment. In 1986, in order to ensure EIA quality and the performance of EIA practitioners/organizations is at an adequate level of competence, China’s National Environmental Protection Bureau introduced a qualification certification system for EIA practitioners/organizations, which requires EIA practitioners/organizations should have a certificate (license) to conduct EIA. 

The Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering of State Environmental Protection Administration is responsible for the management of certified EIA practitioners/organizations and providing nationwide training for EIA practitioners. 

This poster presentation will focus on introducing EIA capacity building activities in China, including regular EIA training, international EIA/SEA training and training for the new registered EIA engineer system.


abstract_title:
THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

abstract:
The developing countries actually have many problems looking for the opportunity to improve their social, economical and physical conditions.  All these social, economical and physical conditions, define their poverty situation that certainly are quite a lot alarming.  Beside it, if we add the lack of a good legal regulation frame; social, economical and development politics and a lack of a national development vision, it is awfully furthermore difficult to improve the poverty conditions; where there are systems which are completely against the sustainability concept.  

Without a clear development vision and will to achieve it, is very difficult to make a national change.

As a result of the poverty condition, normally there is a lack of national development planning that includes land use and urban planning.  The impact assessments (EIA’s, SEA, ERA, cumulative impact assessments, etc.), in the practice are useful tools to determine the sustainability for plans, programs and projects propositions.  Therefore the impact assessments are very important, especially wherever there is a lack of development planning tools.  That is why, is very important to improve and fortify the impact assessment process, to contribute to guide a better development planning in developing countries.

add_info:
Without a clear development vision and will to achieve it, is very difficult to make a national change.


abstract_title:
Using a cost-benefit analysis to select the optimal flood protection measures

abstract:
The Scheldt estuary is a tidal estuary. Tides create unique ecosystems, but also important risks for flooding in a highly urbanized and industrial area. The estuarine nature is at risk because of urban-industrial developments. The riparian states Belgium and the Netherlands have agreed to develop a long-term strategy for a more safe, natural and accessible river, considering sea level rise. For this purpose, Flemish and Dutch governments commissioned a cost-benefit analysis of flood protection measures.

Within the cost-benefit analysis framework, a series of models of different scientific disciplines was integrated. Results of cost-calculation, hydraulic, ecological and agricultural models were used to assess measures. Flood protection was evaluated on a risk-based approach. 

Measures evaluated include storm surge barriers, dike heightening and floodplains. Constructing reduced tide areas which allows creation of new wetlands was assessed. Nature development benefits were considered when comparing costs and benefits of these measures. An optimal flood protection strategy was developed, and it was tested using different kinds of uncertainty analysises.

The analysis showed that cost-benefit analysis is a very useful approach to assist decision-making processes on designing flood protection measures and the approach is applicable to other estuaries.

a4_org:
International Marine and Dredging Consultants

a5_org:
International Marine and Dredging Consultants


abstract_title:
National Strategies for implementation of the UNECE SEA Protocol requirements in selected EECCA countries

abstract:
The National strategies for implementation of the UNECE SEA Protocol (the Strategies) are being developed under the workplan of the Third Meeting of the Parties to the Espoo Convention on EIA in a Transboundary Context in Armenia, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine, which are being supported by the UN, and it has been elaborated in Georgia in 2005 with the assistance of the Dutch EIA Commission. The strategies will be officially approved by the relevant ministries and presented as official national workplans for the implementation of the Protocol requirements; therefore they are being developed in close cooperation with the national UNECE Espoo Convention focal points.

The paper analyzes the context of preparation, the objectives, the framework and the potential impact of the Strategies to the future SEA capacity development in the region. It will present the lessons learned from the process of preparation of the Strategies, will highlight the national government and international community support in developing capacity for SEA implementation and transposition of the Protocol and suggest further steps that may support the implementation of the Strategies, lead to more successful use of the limited national resources as well as references provided by generous support of the international donor community.

suggested_topic:
Capacity Building and Networking in Developing Countries


abstract_title:
A Review of Aspects of Public Participation in Environmental Decisions Making in International Context

abstract:
This paper is a review of the notion of public participation in environmental decisions making as stipulated in international environmental law.  The principle of public participation is set out in Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.  The preamble of the Aarhus Convention signed in June by the Ministers of European countries in the town of Aarhus, Denmarl, also recites some of the the values and considerations at the center of public participation.  The most fundamental of these include its role in ensuring a mechanism for public to assert the right to to live in a healthy environment and to fulfil its duty to protect the environment from degradation.  The rationales for the public participatory elements reveals three criteria; environmental concerns, human rights issues and the notion of legitimacy.  Therefore, the adoption of the Aarhus convention, is a giant step in the development of international law in stregthening public environmental rights and representative organizations such as NGOs, in participation with a view of influencing environmental decisions making in international context. However, lack of machanisms for compliance control during implementation of the procedures stipulated in the international legal instruments is the greatest challenge of public participation.

suggested_topic:
Public Participation: New Spaces of Governance


abstract_title:
Application of IA Tools in the Management of Environmental and Social Issues in Olkaria Geothermal Field, Kenya

abstract:
The Olkaria geothermal field is located within Hell's Gate National Park in the eastern branch of the African rift system in Kenya. Two geothermal stations with a total installed capacity of 115 MW of electricity are currently operating in the field.  In the vicinity of the stations are commercial livestock ranches, floricultural and horticultural farms, and private sanctuaries.  Located to the southern part of the field is Lake Naivasha, which is the second Ramsar site in Kenya and the only source of fresh water in the semi-arid region.  The areas surrounding the field are inhabited with populations of diverse ethnic origins and social class including the indigenous Maasai community, who are pastoralists.  The sensitive setting of Olkaria make management of environmental and social issues of power development of paramount significance. In this poster, the physical, chemical, biological and social issues and implementation of mitigation measures identified through impact assessment are presented.  Incorporation of environmental requirements in the design of the infrastructure, improvement of social amenities, and regular stakeholder consultations that have ensured co-existence of geothermal power development with wildlife conservation and other social and economic activitues in the area with a great measure of success are discussed.


abstract_title:
The emperor's new clothes - reflections on SEA practice in South Africa

organization:
North West University (Potchefstroom campus)

abstract:
This paper presents the results of a three year research project which aimed to evaluate the performance of SEA practice in South Africa.  It concludes that a combination of factors such as an enabling legal framework combined with a strong consultancy sector, can introduce extensive SEA practice on a wide front.  This consultancy driven SEA practice also represents a technical rational approach to SEA, which is technocratic, information driven, objective, extensive and expensive as well as procedurally structured and isolated.  At some risk of oversimplification the conclusions of the research do bear resemblance to the moral of the fable, ‘the emperor’s new clothes’.  Despite the lack of agreement and a clear understanding of what SEA is (and being ‘invisible’ to most), it is widely embraced and promoted.  A situation emerges where SEA essentially means everything to everybody.  The dangers of a lack of critical feedback, aptly highlighted in the fable, are also borne out by the research because as the results suggest, the naked truth is that notwithstanding the time and resources allocated, SEA in its current form is not achieving its objectives within the South African context.


abstract_title:
Health as if the Poor Matters: The Roles of HIA and Social Determinants of Health in Thailand's Poverty Alleviation Policy

add_contd:
126 Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, 4th Floor room 405 (the 10th Floor Building)

abstract:
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) have currently been the focus of the World Health Organization to tackle health inequality by addressing structural problems of ill health. In Thailand, the HIA team and other networks have join together to apply the concept of SDH in Thai society and linking it to poverty problems. The detailed analysis will be performed through several case studies. The synthesis of the conceptual framework on SDH and poverty will be followed.

The development of SDH concept will expand as well as deepen the knowledge on health problems that relates to social conditions and structures. There are three levels of explanation on SDH, namely issue-based explanation, approach-based explanation and comprehensive conceptual framework. These will be focused later.

Furthermore, understanding on the SDH concept will extend further the development of HIA, particularly how to explore social and spiritual health aspects more systematically. This also will contribute to the linkages between HIA, SIA, and also other IAs. 

Importantly, HIA will be better equipped to deal directly with structural factors and take consideration to health inequalities/inequities, especially among the poor people or disadvantaged groups who are normally affected from unfair development.

add_info:
Key words: Social Determinants of Health, Health Impact Assessment, Poverty.


abstract:
Since Environmental Impact Assessment Act was established at 1994, more and more people and environmental protection groups in Taiwan ask for involvement in decision-making of developing projects.  To respond those requirements, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) had set up a few ways in related regulations that allow people or groups being aware of the project nearby to participate, thereby they can express their opinions to EPA or even attend EIA review meetings.  With few members of EIA committee coming from environmental protection groups, the conflicts between public awareness of sustainability and development were violently debated throughout the EIA process.  Nowadays the public is no longer silent.  How to integrate multi-phases of opinions, to identify non-professional or professional ideas, to solve the residents’ fears and environmental impacts, are new challenges to Taiwan government.  This paper illustrates the responsibilities of government and developer for public participation; it also discusses the arising contradiction between development and public demand during EIA processes in Taiwan.


abstract_title:
Application of Total Mass Daily Load Strategy in EIA

abstract:
Traditionally, project EIA lacks of ability to assess cumulative impact and therefore may exceed environmental carrying capacity.  To achieve sustainable goal, the Total Mass Daily Load (TMDL) strategy can be applied to meet acceptable total maximum loads allocated to different sources of pollution.  A TMDL is a tool for implementing surface water quality standards and is based on the relationship between pollution sources and water quality conditions.  This paper uses water quality simulation models to develop unit area pollutant load for different land uses with considering environmental carrying capacity and cumulative impacts.  Moreover, we integrate GIS technologies into EIA practice and demonstrate how developers can use GIS to search for allowable pollutant loading for their proposed developing area.  The objective of this paper is to discuss the procedure and methods for TMDL in water quality, which can be provided as the basis for government to develop the evaluation criteria for EIA review.


abstract_title:
HOW AN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION COMPANY IN BRAZIL IS PROVIDING ELECTRICITY TO 400.000 POOR CUSTOMERS WITH THE MINIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

job:
MANAGER OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION

organization:
COMPANHIA DE ELETRICIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA- COELBA

abstract:
" Bahia State is one of the least electrified in Brazil. The great challenge is to provide electricity to more than 400.000 rural customers not yet served, with a minimum environmental impact.
The poster will show how the company achieved this goal through the implementation of Cleaner Production. After identifying all the environmental impacts due to the project and construction of electric distribution circuits and all the legal requirements of the federal, state and local environmental legislation, the appropriate solutions were implemented:
1) environmental trainning of employees and contractors directly or indirectly related to the program, as well as to some special  communities, like indigenous, african descendants, island inhabitants; 
2)choise of the best path, avoiding native vegetation, rivers, special protected areas;
3)reduction of the right-of-way width from 15m to 4m and implementation of selective cut of trees alongside the circuit path; 
4) use of insulated cables in secondary circuits (220V), among others.

After three years of implementation, the results are really excellent:  less than 10% of the new circuits ( among more than 1.000) need an EIA. The remaining 90% are constructed without cutting native vegetation, with the minimum impact".

add_info:
This project received the prize "BAHIA AMBIENTAL", sponsored by the State Governmen, on June, 4, 2004, in the Cathegory Sustainable Idea.


abstract_title:
Good Practices in Mexican Mining, Francisco I. Madero Mine, Wastewater Treatment Plant

street_add:
Moliere 222 Torre de Oficinas Piso 1, Col. Los Morales

abstract:
World Water Problems.
Principal water uses in Mexico.
Francisco I. Madero Mine.
Wastewater Treatment Plant in Francisco I. Madero Mine.
Characterization of de Influent and Effluent.
Treatment Train.
Water Treatment Plant.
Benefits of the use wastewater.

add_info:
Document presented is going to be in Power Point Format about 10 min


abstract_title:
Good Practices in Mexican Mining, Proaño Mine, Animal Conservation Centre

abstract:
Biodiversity in Mexico.
Introduction.
Proaño Mine.
System for Animal Conservation Centre: SACC.
Ecological Park “Los Jales”.

add_info:
This themes are going to be presented with a power point presentation of about 10 min.


abstract_title:
Institutionalization of EIA tools and steps in Sectoral Agencies, Ethiopia

abstract:
Without the improvement of road networks that involves the upgrading and/or rehabilitation of the existing road network and the construction or opening up of agriculturally potential areas, it is worthless to think of the eradication of poverty and other socio-economic constraints in a country. 

Road infrastructural developments, one of the different development projects, beside its enormous benefits, bring tremendous adverse environmental impacts if not planned properly and appropriately. EIA tools and steps are now becoming a mandatory study steps and processes in road transport planning, wherein the steps magnify the positive environmental and social benefits of the development projects.

Guiding policies and legal frameworks have to be formulated and put into practice to safeguard the natural environment and make development projects environmentally and socially friendly and sound. EIA need to be experienced and institutionalized within those sectoral agencies undertaking various development undertakings.

It has become more of a consultative processes with the various parties and stakeholders wherein opinion and ideas are incorporated to empower them to take part in, not only in providing information during the planning phase, but also take part in the monitoring and evaluation works during the implementation phase of the project.

add_info:
Ethiopian Roads Authority has been undertaking a ten year Road Sector Development Programme since 1997. Massive road projects are currently under construction in different parts of the country. Depending on the locations of these projects and type of construction, we are encountering or facing different negative impacts both environmental and social that need due attention and appropriate planning techniques. To avoid and minimize the impacts of road construction, we are undertaking EIA studies for all road projects during feasibility study.
In order to plan environmentally and socially responsive road designs, we have to learn from other country and share our experiences with others.


abstract_title:
ESHIA – A novel concept in Impact Assessment: The experience of Shell Nigeria

abstract:
ESHIA-an acronym for Environmental, Social, Health Impact Assessment is fast gaining acceptability in Shell Nigeria. The concept of ESHIA has brought various challenges to regulators, proponents, stakeholders and consultants. The new focus on integration has highlighted the similarities as well as sharp differences that exist in the components of this ESH tripod. Major issues are exposed in (a) the levels of competence and awareness, (b) stake holder participation, (c) legislation, (d) baseline data and information scope, (e) analytical tools and (f) indices for monitoring mitigation measures. The concept has also shown that proponents need to develop a holistic framework with respect to environmental assessment while regulators now seriously need stakeholders’ ‘informal social licence’ as basis for granting their formal permits. While environmental legislation looks adequate with  bio-physical determinants, it seems somewhat deficient in empirical standards and limits for social and health issues. Ironically, these S and H issues now increasingly determine which project or proponent gets regulators’ legal approvals. This paper discusses the need for a proper balance of E, S, and H for optimal sustainability in the E&P business in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. 

key words:- ESHIA, integration, shell nigeria


abstract_title:
The effect of the lack of a national SEA framework in the UK

abstract:
The concept of tiering was a driver behind the development of SEA.  This paper will discuss what can happen when arguably the most important tier of SEA is missing – that of national policy and what affect this can have on plan making and assessment.  

The UK government has resisted applying SEA to its policies.  The nearest the government has come to national SEA is the Greening Government Initiative which refers not only to greening operational management but also to greening the fundamental objectives of departments by ensuring that full weight is given to environmental impacts in policy development. However, the focus of the initiative has so far been restricted to operational management.  The lack of a national SEA or sustainability appraisal framework causes a number of problems for local and regional plan makers.  The UK transport and development sectors will be presented as a case study in order to analyse what problems have been found in the plan making and SEA process at regional and local levels due to a lack of national SEA.  Recommendations will then be presented to assist practitioners to help resolve (or at least effectively communicate) these tensions.


abstract:
The SEA and sustainability appraisal market in England has significantly expanded since the SEA Regulations and Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act became statute.  With the expansion in the market has come an increase in the number of companies offering SEA services.  These range from large multidisciplinary consultancies, specialised environmental / sustainability consultancies to small independent consultants.  With this expansion comes a good opportunity to examine what makes a good SEA consultant.

The paper will begin with a discussion of the expanding SEA market in the UK and use this as a focus to discuss the attributes needed in a SEA consultant.  This discussion will draw upon the authors’ experience of SEA projects to examine such questions as:

•	Does a SEA consultant require detailed knowledge and experience of the sector, the local area and the plan making process within which the SEA is taking place or can outsiders present more innovative solutions/recommendations?
•	What technical and personal qualities are valuable for a SEA consultant?
•	Should SEA necessarily involve a number of technical specialists or is good general sustainability knowledge enough?

The paper will be presented as a facilitated discussion with participants encouraged to discuss their own views.


abstract_title:
Sustaining a Natural Balance: Integrating Social and Community Considerations in Biodiversity Planning

abstract:
Biodiversity and its management are of strategic importance to a mining company such as Rio Tinto.  Worldwide, we work in regions that are recognised and valued locally and globally for their biodiversity resources.   Effects on this biodiversity make mining projects a sensitive issue for local communities, the scientific community, regulators, investors and employees.  Our long term business depends on our ability to understand these sensitivities and to resolve them equitably.  A fundamental aspect of this success is the active and equitable involvement of affected communities, alongside that of other constituencies. 

The biodiversity strategy developed by Rio Tinto provides a framework for integrating these social and community considerations into biodiversity planning, using impact assessment methodology.  This paper describes that process and its key elements for enhancing opportunities for community development and maintaining cultural and heritage values while addressing biodiversity considerations.  This addresses the need to ensure equity between environmental and social aspects, considering the respective roles that may be played by business, local communities, NGOs, and local governments.


abstract:
Soil is a subject which is often overlooked in SEA despite it being mentioned within the SEA Directive.  UK planners produce a number of plans which impact on soil in a number of ways through land take and direct soil loss, leaching and changes to structure and erosion patterns.  These plans include Transport, Waste and Minerals plans which set the framework for such projects as new roads, quarries and landfill sites which can involve the loss of large areas of topsoil.  Despite this, there is little guidance on how to address soil issues in SEA.

The paper will review UK SEAs for their coverage of soil issues through SEA stages including collection of soil baseline data, review of relevant plans which set out soil protection policies/objectives, selection of soil SEA objectives and indicators, impact assessment, mitigation and monitoring.  This review will seek to answer such questions as:
•	Do any types of plan / stages of SEA address soil issues more comprehensively?
•	What linkages are made between soil and other issues?

The paper will then conclude with an analysis of how soil issues could be better integrated into SEA and make suggestions on what guidance is needed.


abstract:
Communication – a main SEA success factor. 
The paper deals with our practical communication experience during and after SEA processes. In Austria, we have developed the SEA Round Table, a highly participative SEA approach. It brings together the stakeholders concerned in order to reach a consensus on the plan or programme. Four main aspects of communication are to be considered during such SEAs. Firstly, at the Round Table, SEA teams establish rules for their internal communication during the SEA workshops. Secondly, for communication with those outside the Round Table, e.g. by internet, one main agreement is that there is no communication without informing the other team members. A balance between transparency and confidence has to be found. A third and crucial point is that team members have to communicate the results back to their organisations during and at the end of the process. Support from other SEA team members can be helpful in conveying the findings to the respective organisations. Finally, after reaching a consensus on the draft plan or programme, a delegation of the SEA team communicates the SEA results to decision makers and to the public. This enhances credibility and demonstrates that the whole team supports the results.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN     The Booming Floriculture Industry in Ethiopia: Will the Power of Investors Mar the Need for a Proper EIA

organization:
Ethiopian Association for Impact Assessment

abstract:
WITHDRAWN     Despite the ample opportunity for developing flower industry in Ethiopia, the sector has been neglected until recently. The last few years the Industry is booming at alarming rate. From a very limited number of government owned cut flower business in 1990’s now there are over 60 flower farming.Plan is underway to expand the flower farming and enhance the foreign currency generation to $ 300 million annually. While the flower industry is beneficial to Ethiopia in generating foreign currency, in creating job opportunity and in diversifying export commodities, it can also bring undesirable impacts on the environment. It seems that the lust for using the investment opportunity given by the government such as tax holiday for five years, duty free import of machinery and easy access to bank loans and land acquisition on the one hand and the priority by the government to enhance generation of foreign currency and alleviate rural poverty on the other mar the need for EIA in making the floriculture business sustainable.  This paper will discuss the impacts of the currently booming flower industry on the environment and health and safety of the workers and people living in the vicinity of the flower industry.


abstract_title:
Environmental Assessment and Performance Measurement

job:
Senior Policy Advisor - Environmental Legislation

abstract:
The paper describes the development of a logic model, which is used to establish performance measurement indicators for environmental assessment.

The paper focuses on the "screening" track for environmental assessment under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.  Some 6,500 assessments are conducted each year in Canada under this track.  The projects assessed may be small or large, although the authors are primarily interested in the larger projects.

By mapping the various steps in an environmental assessment, the authors are able to develop leading and lagging indicators.  Of these, the leading indicators are the most important, as they provide an early indication of challenges in an environmental assessment.  That is not to say that lagging indicators are not useful.

The authors will highlight the indicators developed, will explain the areas of the environmental assessment they target and how they may be used to identify areas for improvement.

add_info:
The authors are employed by Natural Resources Canada, a department of the Canadian federal government.


abstract_title:
SEA on Land Use Planning toward Sustainability

organization:
Department of Urban Planning, Cheongju University

abstract:
SEA in Korea is not sufficient for land use planning toward ESSD. The tool and criteria used in land use planning can not achieve the purpose of strategic SEA.       
   The purpose of this study is to suggest what and how to do for sustainability of land use planning by application of SEA.
   This study searches for the problems of land use related system and legal aspects such as zoning system and Land Suitability Assessment System based on Act on Planning and Utilization of National Territory, EIA based on Act on the Assessment of Impacts of Works on Environment, Traffic, Disasters, etc., Prior Environmental Review System containing the content of SEA based on Framework Act on Environmental Policy, Total Pollution Load Management System based on Act on River Watershed Management & Community Support.   
   Cumulative impact assessment, integration of land use and Total Pollution Load Management System and transportation, application of sustainability indicator system, and development of Land Suitability System based on physical factors such as slope and altitude, regional and locational factors etc. will be suggested for the application of SEA which will be implemented since June 2006 in Korea.

a2_org:
Department of Environmental Engineering,  Cheongju University

a3_org:
Department of Environmental Engineering,  Cheongju University

a4_org:
Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University


abstract_title:
PRA and EIA: A Powerful Combination for Agricultural and Rural Development.

abstract:
Drawing on recent FAO project experience in Vietnam, Kenya and Cambodia, this paper stresses the benefits of conducting a Participative Rural Assessment (PRA) in advance of an EIA for large agriculture/rural development projects and for rehabilitation of environments affected by chronic environmentally damaging practices.

PRA provides for equitable and active involvement of all stakeholders in access to information and some control over resources and related decisions that contribute to sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. Ideally, this means putting the beneficiaries at the centre of the development process so that they will help to drive it and continuously adjust to it according to their learning process and needs.

In northern Vietnam, trained scientists undertook three PRAs in different provinces to provide information to stakeholders and to obtain their views on practices and environmental consequences. Remarkably useful information flowed from the exercises, highlighting significant issues such as pollution of the environment and the cause-effect relationships. Corrective measures were described      and the chronic need for resources to bring about change was acknowledged. 

Future project-related EIAs will be substantially served by the PRA reports by the Vietnamese teams and by the raised awareness in the three study areas.


abstract_title:
The First Step in a Long Journey :Progress and Reflection on Recent SEA Initiatives in Thailand

add_contd:
126 Bamrardnaradun Infectious Diseases Institute, 4th Floor

abstract:
Strategic Environmental Assessment has been introduced in Thai society for only some years, but it has gain strong interests from different parts of the society. The National Environment Board, the environmental policy and planning authority, Health Systems Research Institute, and universities are the examples of organizations and networks, which are working on SEA development from various angles.

Based on the four types of SEA that are categorized according to the different framing of ‘Strategic’ issue, various SEA initiatives and experiences will be explained and synthesized, to provide the overall picture of SEA development in Thailand. The four types of SEA are as follow.

1) SEA based on EIA School
2) Area-base SEA
3) SEA focusing on Policy Options
4) SEA focusing on Broad Development Direction

More importantly, these initiatives and experiences will be analyzed and reflected, particularly through case-studies, on the progress and obstacles for addressing the challenges of healthy and deliberative public policy process. These challenges are shifting the scope of thinking from project-base to strategic-base, improving impact assessment process, enhancing deliberative policy process, and strengthening civil society and local community capacity. This will lead to initial suggestions for future development of SEA in Thailand.

add_info:
Key words: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Public Policy Process

a3_addcontd:
126 Bamrardnaradun Infectious Diseases Institute, 4th Floor


abstract_title:
Deepwater LNG Terminal Development in the United States

abstract:
The U.S. Congress passed the Deepwater Port Act (DWPA) in 1974.  Fundamental to the intent of the DWPA was the need to meet the United States' growing demand for natural gas supplies by increasing the nation's access to worldwide sources of supply.  Meeting this need is viewed as a key component of the nation's energy and economic strategy.

The DWPA establishes a licensing system for ownership, construction and operation of man made structures (e.g., LNG terminals) beyond the U.S. territorial sea.  The DWPA authorizes the U.S. Secretary of Transportation (SECDOT) to issue licenses   

The DWPA license review process is driven by legally mandated deadlines, totaling a maximum of 356 calendar days from the date that an application is filed.  The DWPA mandates compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Finally, the DWPA requires the SECDOT to designate an adjacent coastal state(s) for consultation and requires the consent of the governor of that state(s) for the approval of a license.

Effectively, the DWPA creates a Federal approval process that is swift and comprehensive while attempting to balance two national goals (i.e., energy development and environmental protection) in partnership with state governments.

add_info:
My paper reviews how well this creative approach is working and what kind of problems that it has encountered.


abstract_title:
Monitoring of environmental and social questions in the National Hydropower Programme in Vietnam

abstract:
The National Hydropower Programme (NHP) in Vietnam aims at getting an overview of possible sites for construction of hydropower stations. The suitability is calculated from data on environmental/social conditions, and economic/technical conditions. 

The Swedish EIA Centre was asked by Swedish Sida to form a monitoring team for follow up of environmental and social issues.

The entire programme might be seen as a very large SEA, because the aim is to explore the least costly sites from technical, economic, environmental and social points of view.

Negative:
The methodology used was not satisfactory for determination of the appropriateness, since all data should be merged into one figure. Through our work the figures are discussed more separated from each other in the draft final report and "warning flags" are run up for negative impact hidden behind mean values, etc.

Positive:
The programme has contained public participation ranging from village level to national level.
Baseline data (environmental and social) has been collected in an amount not seen before in the country.

Hope for the future:
The knowledge gained in the programme should be used in the Vietnamese development of hydropower and baseline data also for other types of projects.


abstract_title:
Adequacy of Proposed Ecological Mitigating Measures and EIA Guidelines For Coastal Resort Development in Malaysia

abstract:
In Malaysia, EIA procedure has been developed primarily as an aid to the environmental planning of new developmental projects or to the expansion of existing projects. Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act 1985 requires that the EIA for prescribed activities to contain an assessment of the significant impacts as well as proposed mitigating measures to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment. The proposed mitigating measures contained in 18 preliminary EIA (pEIA) for coastal resort development were reviewed for their ecological content. The current EIA guidelines for the preparation of these reports were also examined for their adequacy. It was found that ecological mitigating measures recommended in all reports were not specific on the ecological details and requirements for their implementation. Also, not all significant ecological impacts identified were addressed and there was no evaluation of the feasibility of the mitigating measures proposed. These reports also neglected to provide economic evaluation of the design measures adopted in the project plan. The EIA guideline for coastal resort development was found to be ambiguous on mitigating measures as well. It fails to provide details about suitable methods for making evaluations and of the probable effectiveness of each measure.


abstract_title:
An Analytical Overview of SEA Framework in Kenya

abstract:
Kenya is among the only two sub-Saharan countries to have legislated SEA laws, through the Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing Regulations 2002 (ER 2002) which entered into force 2003. The legal, regulatory, policy and institutional frameworks are yet to be tested because there isn’t enough body of practice as yet. Nevertheless certain regulatory, conceptual, methodological and procedural elements are significantly different or similar to standard international SEA frameworks. Certain definitions (or lack of) and the procedural provisions set out in the ER 2002 are potential impediments to enforcement and/or implementation. This article examines these differences and their potential implications to SEA practice in Kenya.


abstract:
Regulatory provisions for SEA are contained in the Decree initially intended to ensure compatibility between investment and the environment. However, without specific references to this Decree, some SEA had already been conducted with the support of aid donors: sectoral EA (transport, tourism, mining, rural development, environmental program), regional EA (industrial zone, integrated growth pole, plan of urban development, regional plan development), integration of the environment in the strategy of poverty reduction, etc.
The analysis of these SEAs shows various problems: the comprehension of the SEA is varied and variable. The vocabulary is varied, it is not known any more if it is within the framework of SEA or not. The utility of the SEA carried out is not always put forward. The mechanism of the follow-up of the elaborated SEA does not exist.
A meeting of capitalization of the SEA carried out was made in 2002. The SEA directive is drafting on early 2006. This directive tries to put a common framework of comprehension of the SEA and to make coherent the procedures about SEA. It tries to be based on the principles of good practices worked out at the international level and a capitalization of the national experiences.


abstract_title:
Making a Healthier Choice an Easier Choice: The Roles of HIA and Institutional Analysis in Thai Renewable Energy Policy

abstract:
The concept of “healthy public policy” is to create supportive environment for healthy living by putting health in agenda of all policy-making related to health and by making a healthier choice an easier choice for decision-makers.
Health Impact Assessment has been developed as one of the tools for healthy public policy. It has been applied in Thailand to analyze the benefits of renewable energy development in health and other perspectives compared to the existing power development plan and other options. Its results show that renewable energy provides significant positive impacts for Thai society, both in terms of environmental health as well as in terms of economic development. It also provides more flexible and stable investment option in risky energy market.
However, impact assessment in itself cannot adequately lead a healthier choice to an easier choice. This is because investing in new technology scheme also require new supportive institutional frameworks, from the governance structure of power market to the technical standard for interconnection. Therefore, to make a healthier future, HIA cannot only focus on impact analysis and economic valuation. It needs to play more roles in analyzing institutional barriers and providing insightful recommendations and deliberations for desirable institutional changes.

a2_add:
Room 405, Baradnaruadune Institute (The 10 floor Building)


abstract_title:
Power to the people – Lessons learned in linear Social Impact Assessments in South Africa

abstract:
Attempting to address the growing demand for electricity, Eskom, the South African national electricity service provider, is in the process of erecting a number of new power lines. According to South African legislation EIA's must be conducted for each proposed line. These assessments include SIA's as specialist studies. Other social science studies required includes Visual and Tourism Impact Assessments. By nature, power lines are highly visible structures covering vast distances and thus impacting on a number of communities. For the purpose of the paper SIA’s required for linear development will be referred to as linear SIA’s. Linear SIA’s provides unique challenges, and the local context of limited timeframes, resources and budgets add to these challenges. This paper presents lessons learned from three SIA’s conducted in the last year. These SIA’s were conducted in rural areas, with one of the assessments done in an area with high tourist potential. The relationship between SIA and Visual Impact Assessment in these case studies will be discussed briefly. The paper starts with a background discussion of each project, followed by an analysis of strengths and weaknesses and concluding with a summary of lessons learned in the process.


abstract_title:
HIA Institutionalization in Thailand: The Struggle of Power and Rationality in Public Policy Processes

abstract:
In 2003, Reiner Banken has raised the question on “HIA- How to start the process and make it last”. He suggests that “institutionalization” is the key to make HIA effective in policy process. He also pointed out “the evolving experience in Thailand should be followed closely, as it will provide important lessons for institutionalizing HIA in similar context”.
After 5 years of its implementation, HIA institutionalization in Thailand will be summarized and analyzed in this paper. In Thailand, co-evolutionary process is the key for HIA institutionalization, since it can shape HIA to fit with its wider societal contexts. As its wider contexts are highly dynamics, the challenge is how to facilitate the co-evolutionary process to keep HIA on the right track.
This study suggest that, apart from “how to make it last”, we need to raise the question on “what to make it last for”. This is because power struggle and contestation of different rationalities has played a key role in shaping HIA as part of on-going public policy processes. Therefore, the further developments of HIA need to reconsider its roles in public policy processes, as well as, in balancing power relationship and rationalities within Thai society.

a3_add:
Room 405, Baradnaruadune Institute (The 10 floor Building)


abstract:
The proposed project is a 20 MW hydro power station on the Okavango River in Namibia. A Preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA) investigated three alternative sites. A full EIA will be required in the next phase.

The proposal is a run-of-the-river scheme and does not require a dam, but rather a weir that will raise enough head to enable power generation. River flow will not be blocked as water will flow over the weir and through turbines in the wall. Inflow will equal outflow.

Likely biophysical impacts (all with transboundary implications) are:

•	Disruption of sediment movement
•	Impacts on biodiversity and aquatic Ecosystems 
•	Impacts on the Hydrograph: 
•	Spread of alien aquatic weeds, or reeds and papyrus
•	Evaporation and Seepage

Both government and the proponent have accepted the findings of the PEA and the need for further studies before a final decision can be taken. 

Key lessons
•	Although this project has strong government support, there was no political interference in the study. 

•	Biodiversity loss will have serious economic and social implications if not mitigated.

•	This case study also shows that, if properly contextualized and presented, biodiversity issues will be taken seriously be high level decision makers.


abstract_title:
Linking SEA follow with EMS in local authorities

organization:
Lund University & Central European University

abstract:
SEA seeks to address the future which is often uncertain rather than predictable and strategies which are often emergent rather than deliberate. Thus, the SEA effectiveness critically depends upon its follow up, i.e. those monitoring, management and communication which are undertaken after the SEA report has been completed.

Currently, conceptual frameworks for SEA follow up are only emerging and its documented practice remains very limited.

Research project SEAMLESS, part of the MiSt research programme, aims to enhance the understanding of SEA follow up through investigating its potential linkages with EMS in local authorities in Sweden.

The paper will present the results of world-wide benchmarking of such linkages and first observations from empirical studies.


abstract_title:
Integrated Assessment and Plannning or Strategies for Sustainable Development?

abstract:
Integrated assessment seeks to facilitate sustainable development through making planning processes more informed, transparent and integrated. When applied to national and regional (sustainable) development strategies, this approach has significant potential, but also faces certain limitations.

Comparing the premises of the integrated assessment with strategy formation theories one can identify the types of analysis and communication which are often neglected in such assessments, but which can significantly enhance its influence on development programmes.

This point will be illustrated by lessons from specific applications of integrated assessment such as in case of Tomsk Regional Socio-Economic Development Strategy and other sustainable development strategies.


abstract_title:
Perceptions of stakeholders of the objectives and purpose of the EIA and their roles in the process

organization:
Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre/Estonian Institute for Sustainable Development

abstract:
Common perception of objectives, purpose of a process and the roles of each of the participating body would normally facilitate smooth management of the process and eventually ensure the expected outcome. The objective of this study was to test the validity of this understanding in the EIA process and among the corresponding stakeholders. 70 individuals participating in 27 cases of EIA initiated in the period of the first EIA law in Estonia (2001-2005) were questioned to explore their perceptions of the main objective and purpose of EIA and sharing of roles among each other in the process.
The results of the study showed that the five groups of stakeholders of the EIA process had different understanding of the primary objective and purpose of the EIA and their roles in it. Although the respondents regarded the balancing of economic, social and environmental aspects as the main objective of EIA, the evaluation of the EISs showed that the assessments had primarily addressed environmental and moderately social aspects, whereas economic aspects were usually handled outside EIA process and not documented in EISs. The author argues that the new EIA law should be elaborated to avoid misunderstandings and possible conflicts of interest.


abstract_title:
Impacts of Woodfuel Production on Biodiversity- A Case Study from Kenya.

abstract:
IImpacts of Woodfuel Production on Biodiversity- A Case Study from Kenya.

By

Prof. Michael K. Koech

E-mail: ‘Prof Koech’amiacfed@yahoo.com


Abstract
This paper presents a case study of the impact of woodfuel energy production on the indigenous forests woodlands in Kenya.  Woodfuel is Kenya’s most critical fuel, providing for about 70% of the total energy demand. It is mainly sourced from the indigenous forests.  Over the last 30 years, degradation of forests through over-exploitation, has led to a 40-60% loss of standing wood volume from most forest reserves.  Unless alternative sources of energy are sought, the increasing demand for woodfuel is likely to lead to a severe loss of savannah woodlands and closed canopy forest. 

The paper  outlines the importance of impact assessment in ameliorating the adverse impacts of woodfuel energy production on biodiversity in Kenya. It recommends interventions such as training and sensitising the public on the innovative technologies that conserve energy and integration of environmental concerns into energy development, policy and law.

These interventions are intended to reduce overexploitation of the indigenous forests, reduce rampant poverty and to rehabilitate degraded forests Kenya.


Keywords: woodfuel, biodiversity, impact assessment, Kenya, woodland forests, conservation, degradation


abstract_title:
Comparing EIA procedures and contents in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and EU

organization:
ICAT - Instituto de Ciência Aplicada e Tecnologia

abstract:
EIA is a key instrument of the EU environmental policy. Its practice and laws have been significantly improved since Directive 85/337/EEC came into effect. On the other hand, most developing countries in Africa have evolved substantially over the past decade due to the introduction of legal requirements or general procedures for EIA. 
PUMPSEA is an EU-funded project being applied in Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya that will develop technology for using constructed mangrove wetlands for the secondary treatment of domestic sewage water. One of the specific objectives of this project is to perform an Environmental Incidence Study about the use of mangrove wetlands for sewage filtration.
This work will provide a comparative overview of EIA procedures and of contents in these three countries and in the EU. The differences are outlined and, in particular, it can be said that the EIA should be carried out by registered experts in the three countries, although such is not specified in the EU Directive. In Tanzania public consultation is mandatory during the scoping, and in Kenya the EIA study report should contain measures to prevent health hazards, to ensure employee safety within the work environment and for emergency management.

a2_org:
ICAT - Instituto de Ciência Aplicada e Tecnologia


abstract_title:
The Role of Local Cooperators in EIS Practice: The US Experience

abstract:
In January 30, 2002 The US CEQ issued a Memorandum for the Heads of Federal Agencies that encouraged lead agencies to designate state, regional, tribal and local cooperators where appropriate because of anticipated benefits.  Those anticipated benefits included: disclosure of relevant information early in the analytical process; enhanced technical expertise and staff support; avoiding duplication with other Federal, State, Tribal and local EIA procedures; enhanced intergovernmental coordination; enhanced intra-and intergovernmental trust; better understanding and appreciation for various governmental roles in the NEPA process, as well as enhancing agencies’ ability to adopt environmental documents. Yet, to date, there has been no systematic effort to evaluate whether those benefits have accrued in practice.  This paper reports the results of a survey that evaluates the lead agency experience of designating state, regional and local cooperators, based on a telephone survey of all 61 EISs that were completed between 2000 and 2005 (with non-federal cooperating agency partners). The results of the survey, are mixed.  Although most federal agencies think that cooperating agency status is a good idea in appropriate situations, there is considerable room for enhancing the cooperating agency experience.  The paper reports policy recommendations suggested to enhance the cooperating agency experience.


abstract_title:
The EIA as Part of International Trade Agreements - Example: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

abstract:
As the first transnational trade agreement the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is amended by an environmental treaty. It is signed by NAFTA´s three members Canada, the United States and Mexico. The Commission on Environmental Cooperation promotes its goals and controls its defaults. 

An important role plays the environmental protection in a transboundary context and with it the EIA. Canada, the United States and Mexico have national requirements to the EIA. But because of the differences in legislation, administration and appliance, the three countries need to find solutions for a transboundary cooperation. As demanded in the agreement the Commission shall establish recommendations for the border areas concerning the

-- assessment and evaluation of environmental impacts of certain projects, 
-- mitigation of the environmental impacts, 
-- cooperation between the affected countries. 

A strong environmental agreement and with it a strong EIA could be an important step towards the integration of environmental aspects into world trade. It gains importance especially in terms of NAFTA´s possible enlargement including all Latin American countries. 

The paper is based on a current Ph.D. thesis at the Berlin University of Technology. It discusses possible solutions to the problem (e.g. twinning for projects, empowerment of institutions).


abstract_title:
Lessons Learned for the Total Water Quality Management(TWQM) System

more_authors:
This paper is the second psresentation on the action plan of total water quality management system based in local area, which is connected to the basic plan for that system. Especially it focused on the implementation of allocation of waste emission load, standard stream flow and application of the margin of safety. By doing that, we can share the information and lessons in the process of environmental planning and management in regional chapters.

abstract:
The Total Water Quality Management(TWQM)system seeks to harmonize conservation and development by allowing regional development carried out in an eco-friendly manner and within the scope of achieving the desired water quality. Under the system, water pollutant sources are managed so as to keep the total amounts in public water to a certain level or total allowance in accordance with the target standrds. Even though regulation on total load is not easy to enforce and monitor, but it can control the load of pollutants under the considertion of regional capacity applied. 
One of the allocation method on the directive regulation is that administrative authority allocates the effluent allowances, which ignoring the dischrger's will by setting the total effluent standard. But this has been calculated without considering the cost effective function. In this regard, another one of notice of target water quality is set by provincial governors. And we drew out the cost efficient options for the enforcement of action plan of TWQM in Gongju-City, Chungnam Province. The main aspects of implementation are calculation of discharge load to meet water quality, standard stream flow appled to carrying capacity and margin of safety for abatement of load.


abstract_title:
Health impacts from unleaded gasoline. Lead astray?

abstract:
Negative health impacts of lead have been known for a long time. But although lead was a prominent pollutant in older studies of transport emissions, it has become neglected in recent years. It was for example not studied in the high profile European ExternE project. The introduction of  “unleaded” gasoline may have lead people into believing that emissions of Pb by transport had effectively been eliminated. In addition, this serious reduction of Pb emissions occurred well before similar reductions were achieved for other pollutants. The study of remaining Pb-impacts was therefore not considered a  priority. Nevertheless small quantities of Pb compounds may still be added to petrol today.
Due to the strong emissions reductions for SO2, NOx and PM (enforced by a series of stringent European fuel and emissions standards) we hypothesized that health impacts of Pb and other heavy metals may no longer be negligible relative to other emissions. Therefore we have screened the entire Pb health impact pathway, attempted a monetization of its external effects and compared them to other pollutants. We find that external costs of Pb impacts are relatively high when compared to other non-global warming impacts in modern petrol cars.


abstract_title:
Cooperation between municipalities for sustainable development

abstract:
A brief introduction to Antsirabe's MIC-programme (Municipality International Cooperation)

Municipalities Antsirabé (Madagascar) and Stavanger (Norway) have entered into cooperation to contribute to sustainable development for the cities.

FK Norway and Stavanger municipality have entered a cooperation agreement regarding an exchange of volunteers. The project includes training in general environmental understanding, sorting waste according to source, ecological horticulture, and reuse and recycling schemes. Schemes to ensure clean drinking water will be considered, and simple sewage and drainage measures.

KS (Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities)is part of the North-South cooperation between municipalities and local communities to develop and test methods for measuring sustainabability.

There is also a preliminary project on democracy development between Antsirabé and Stavanger. This is an all-party project.

As part of the project, contact has been established between the research and university community and major business actors in the Stavanger region, and the equivalent communities in Antsirabé. The objective is to start processes for setting up educational and business activities as a follow-up of the measures of which the municipality will regard to water, drainage, waste collection, agriculture and construction. These processes are independent, but coordinated with the inter-municipality programme.


abstract_title:
Assessing the potential for the creation of a standardised, systematic methodological Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Framework for Wind Energy Planning.

abstract:
As we enter 2006, the effects of Global Climate Change on Earth have become more tangible. Coupled with the problem of rapidly depleting fossil fuel reserves and the political uncertainties surrounding fossil fuel supplies, there is an urgent need to adapt to such circumstances by diversifying the methods by which electricity is produced. 

The expansion of the renewable energy sector would contribute greatly to achieving a switch from fossil fuel reliance and promote the generation of ‘clean power’. Electricity generated from wind turbines is the predominant renewable energy technology of the modern era but this also has environmental implications which need to be addressed if such power generation is to be sustainable. 

This research assesses the potential for the creation of a standardised methodological SEA framework to ensure that sustainable wind energy planning is achieved. Case studies conducted in Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom to establish the role of the respective planning systems in promoting the uptake of wind energy are central to the research. The final output of the empirical research is the development of a standard method of assessing the impacts of wind energy projects in order ensure improved planning of such sites in the future.

add_info:
The ultimate aim of the research will therefore be to provide a sound platform from which further renewable energy uptake with limited environmental consequences can be facilitated.


abstract_title:
Links between Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Systems - a conceptual framework

organization:
Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA)

abstract:
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are perceived by many to be separate environmental tools. Essentially this is true. EIA serves as a systematic and predictive tool for assessing the potentially significant impacts of developments on the environment. An EMS, on the other hand, is used to consider the key impacts of operational businesses on the environment. The main difference to note is that during the EIA process impacts on developments are predicted. A proposed development has yet to be built and therefore an element of uncertainty is associated with these assessments. With an EMS, the business or organisation’s processes are already in operation. Even though there is also an element of prediction involved, it is a comparatively easier task to investigate what the environmental impacts of these processes are. Yet, however separate these assessment tools may appear to be, it is possible to integrate elements of each tool to aid in the process of managing the environmental impacts of developments and/or businesses. This e-briefing identifies the links between EIA and EMS and how a combination of both instruments may help to improve impact prediction and management.


abstract_title:
Quality of Strategic Environmental Assessment Reports in the London Boroughs

abstract:
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is required by European Union (EU) Directive 2001/42/EC, which requires the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programs on the environment. SEA as a whole process has several important objectives: to improve the strategic actions, try to involve other stakeholders in to decision making, its role is to focus on the important environmental limitations and to help identify the best alternatives. 
Since mid 2004, 33 SEAs have been started for the transport plans of London Boroughs. Each Borough is a local government region covering 200.000- 300.000 inhabitants.
The poster will cover:
•	The 3 written outputs of each SEA: the ‘Scoping Report’, ‘Environmental Report’ and ‘SEA Statement’
•	What was done well in the ERs
•	What will be done better next time
•	Can an ER be corrected?
•	How has SEA changed the transport plans?
England and Wales implemented the SEA Directive ahead of several other European Countries. The lessons from London Boroughs’ SEAs will therefore help other authorities across the EU to learn the best aspects of the approaches developed in London, and to avoid time consuming mistakes.

add_info:
Keywords:
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes, Directive 2001/42/EC, England, London

Suggested session:
SEA


abstract_title:
How Useful are Computable General Equilibrium Models for the Sustainability Impact Assessment of Trade-related Policies?

job:
Research assistant (finishing PhD student)

organization:
Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester

street_add:
Harold Hankins Building, Precinct Centre, Booth Street West

abstract:
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling represents a powerful tool for hypothesising possible sustainability outcomes that might be triggered with the implementation of trade-related policy proposals. Nevertheless, CGE modelling is based on several tight general equilibrium and neoclassical theoretical assumptions that make their application to the assessment of all three pillars of sustainability questionable. Although some over-simplistic assumptions have been relaxed in recent and more advanced CGE models, further research needs to be undertaken in order to bring model specifications closer to realistic behavioural relationships. CGE models also tend to focus on alternative equilibrium outcomes and rarely deal with the adjustment process or regulatory measures needed to realise the estimated potential benefits. Moreover, by design they face substantial limitations when dealing with environmental and social effects of trade-related policies. Nevertheless, some authors have argued that CGE modelling may provide a suitable backbone for all three dimensions of Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA). The paper takes a critical stand and supports the view that though CGE models may provide some useful information on individual, particularly economic, impact aspects of trade-related policy reforms, it may be inappropriate, and in some cases misleading, to rely extensively on their use in SIAs.


abstract_title:
CHANGED TO PAPER #438   The Role of Environmental Assessment in enhancing Environmental Governance: Some Challenges and Opportunities with Reference to Tanzania.

abstract:
CHANGED FORMAT TO PAPER (#438)   Abstract

The idea of good governance has now evolved to embrace relationships between people, institutions, processes of doing things and how they are done, and exchange of idea not only in the administrative structures but also, and more importantly in the environmental field. Environmental governance is increasingly becoming an important aspect not only because of the increasing environmental degradation in the world, but more so because, efforts to address poverty and the quest to increase frontiers of developments have major implications on the environment.  How the environment is managed is therefore very important. This article explores the various elements that form “good governance” such as transparency in decision-making, public participation, institutional set up, roles and mandates and commitments to institutional goals and legal frameworks with regard to the environmental management in Tanzania with specific focus on the role of environmental assessment in enhancing good governance. The article draws examples and lessons from case studies in which “adequate” public participation and democratic principles helped to influence decision making for development projects. It also discusses challenges in ensuring effective environmental governance in Tanzania following the enactment of the Environmental Management Act in 2004.


abstract_title:
The EIA and the Environmental Management at the Miravalles Geothermal Field after 12 year of exploitation.

street_add:
Campo Geotermico Miravalles - Guayabo de Bagaces Guanacaste

abstract:
The great biological diversity of Costa Rica represents one of it’s biggest resources, and it’s a focal point of the country’s policies of environmental protection. For this reason the country is recognized worldwide as a leader in protecting the environment. This characteristic constitutes an important challenge for developing the geothermal energy according to these policies, due to a great part of the recognized resources that are associated to areas with different degrees of environmental protection. The environmental impacts assessment (EIA) for Miravalles was made in 1988. Since it was the first EIA ever done in Costa Rica at that time it would change the way models for any new large project in Costa Rica would be presented in the future. As a result of this study the most important environmental aspect to monitoring was established.
This document discusses the different environmental aspects included in the EIA(air quality, water quality, effects on the atmosphere, visual impacts and public relations)  and the actual environmental management related to the utilization of the Miravalles Geothermal Field.


abstract_title:
The Inclusion of Sustainability in Environmental Impact Assessment: An Essential Aspect or a Promotional Tool?

organization:
Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment

abstract:
The introduction at the local, regional and national level of policies aimed at delivering sustainable development ensures that sustainability issues are given some consideration by developers. The introduction of these policies alongside media coverage of sustainability issues has increased the level of public awareness. Public awareness of sustainability issues and increasing use of public participation techniques during the specification stage of project design places pressure on developers to consider sustainable concepts in project design. Given the growing importance of sustainability issues in the UK, assessing the sustainability of individual development proposals is deemed to be beneficial by developers and decision makers alike. This has led to sustainability being included within the scope of an increasing proportion of environmental impact assessments. 

Evidence so far shows that in the UK, EIA Sustainability assessments tend to review sustainable development policy requirements and identify and evaluate suitable sustainable design concepts, such as grey water reuse, green roofs and sustainable travel plans. The commitment to the implementation of such measures is generally lacking, this gives the impression that the sustainability assessment is being used as a promotional tool by developers. Therefore, the added value associated with inclusion of a sustainability assessment appears minimal.


abstract_title:
Data Collection by the People, from the People and for EIA

abstract:
Stakeholder consultation is a regulatory requirement for EIAs in Nigeria.  Shell Nigeria (SPDC) recognizes that effective and continuous consultation is key to the success of any project.  Within the Niger Delta, the perceived neglect of Government in terms of infrastructural development and employment has led to increasing conflict between indigenous peoples and multinational companies.

In SPDC, external consultants collect data for EIAs.  Biophysical data is collected over two seasons (wet & dry), social and health are one-time cross sectional studies.  There is demand by indigenous peoples for increased participation in the EIA process, especially during data collection.

For the Gbaran Ubie Integrated Oil and Gas Project (GUIOGP), community requested for increased participation in the EIA study of the Field logistics base & Jetty construction.  This request was accepted and community-nominated consultants were engaged for the data collection.  Baseline data has been completed and the report submitted to SPDC.  

This paper presents the pros and cons of this method of data collection and seeks the experience of practitioners on this novel approach.

Key words: Stakeholder consultation, Gbaran Ubie Itegrated Oil and Gas Project, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, EIA.


abstract_title:
Tracking EIA applications in South Africa

organization:
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism

abstract:
EIA applications are processed both nationally and provincially(regionally). An electronic system, National Environmental Authorisation System (NEAS) ( NORAD Funded project), has been developed to record these applications, track the progress of each application, use the information to generate statistics,to identify officials’ strengths and weaknesses,for capacity building initiatives and to provide support to provincial authorities. 
		
The project was developed and implemented in two phases with future phases for enhancement. Phase one was the capturing of the EIA application form that included the activity being applied for, the location of the development, the authorities and stakeholders involved. 

Phase two comprised of the processing of the application by the various officials. This included the assessing officer reviewing the application, reports and specialist studies and making recommendations for approving or denying authorisation. The system tracks the progress of the application from receipt at the Department until it is authorised, signed off and archived.
	
There are statistics, reports, letter templates and standard letters that can be produced from the system.

This system will be used by the National Minister to immediately access the system when queries are directed to him for quick update on the status of an EIA application.

add_info:
This project was sponsored by the Norwegian Government (NORAD). It was done over a two year period as there was substantial consultation with the various roleplayers.The system was implemented in two phases. Phase was implemented on 15 September 2004 and phase two was implemented on 1 April 2005. Boteh phases were successfully implemented with the minimum of disruptions and downtime.


abstract_title:
Lessons learning in Environmental Assessment training – A case of Environmental Audit training

abstract:
Teaching environmental assessment methods can be simplified by incorporating real life practical exercises. This was the valuable experience realized during an economic valuation and environmental assessment training administered by the Center for Development Research (Bonn University) and Eastern Africa Association for Impact Assessment through IUCN.  This paper explores the lessons drawn from an environmental audit conducted by a team four training participants.  Theoretical preparation, interactive discussions, in-between-sessions feedback evaluations, class exercises, practical guidance during field work and in report writing are highlighted as significant factors in ensuring high learning retention among course participants. The paper concludes by suggesting need for a lesson-learning collation and sharing mechanisms in order to benefit other environmental assessment training initiatives.


abstract_title:
The Recovery Plan for the Area at High Risk of Environmental Crisis (Ancona, Falconara and Lower Esino Valley), Marche Region (Italy): an integrated governance and planning model.

abstract:
A portion of the territory of Marche Region (Italy), was declared a nationally relevant Area at High Risk of Environmental Crisis, due to a troublesome coexistence of high density settlements, highly hazardous plants, internationally relevant infrastructures. Many environmental factors are in a critical condition.
After the declaration a series of scientific studies was carried out by a joint work group including experts from Universities, consultants and public officers belonging to different disciplines and sectors. These studies allowed to identify the main critical points and especially the high level of complexity of the environmental situation in which each problem has a feedback on the others.
So this has been the occasion to undertake a process of concerted governance in which all relevant stakeholders (public administrations at different levels, private-public consortia managing infrastructures such as transport, energy provision etc., private companies) are involved.
Such process led to the elaboration of the Recovery Plan for this area.
The Plan is an innovative, integrated instrument that steers the territorial transformations towards environmental sustainability. The Plan is one of the first in its kind to test a governance model at the local planning level with a view of the wider territorial context.


abstract_title:
Environmental Administration System as a tool to improve the Environment Impact Assessment

street_add:
CSRG - Campo Geotérmico Miravalles, guayabo de Bagaces Guanacaste

abstract:
The conservation of the environment cannot be sought sacrificing the development and well-being of a nation, since the conservation alone doesn't contribute to reduce poverty. For this reason the concept of sustainable development looks for a balance between development and environmental conservation and the EMS can be use to get this balance. But why should the organization has to implement an environmental management system?. The main idea of the EMS is to prevent all kind of contamination, try to reduce the contamination, and if any of these solutions are possible, then it will focus on to mitigate the contamination.  The organization can reduce the costs if it teaches the people about the importance of reduce the unnecessary use of material, electricity, water, paper, etc. It will represent a high efficiency and less production costs. Also, it has to be taken into account that the communities has a lot of power. If they are against the project it will mean problems, that can be prevented and solved by a correct EMS. Also the EMS can be use as a tool to ensure the appropriate implementation of the environmental programs established in the EIA and improve the EIA in self.


more_authors:
This presentation will be of real help as it will bring openly the cause of Poverty in most developing countires.It tries to identify what IAIA can do so that the lives of most people can be better on all tha aspects.

Ebai

abstract:
The world is sick. Sick because of the mismanagement of Nature’s resources. With thousands of intellectuals, there is still a marked regression in the efforts deplored to sustainably manage activities, which heavily treatens Man and his habitat.For the time been, Poverty, Corruption, Sicknesses, and Wars have a touch of their own in putting mankind on bended knees.
	In Africa South of the Sahara for example, Suffering is triggered because of Gourmandism. Particular individuals get richer everyday but the cry for debt cancellation is too loud for everybody to hear and understand. 
	This Social Impact Assessment (SIA) should target administrators in the advent of a project where much money is to be injected; For their mentality as concerns equitable distribution should be judged. If SIA is well conducted the majority of the nationals will test the national cake. If unemployment per say is curbed, most people will be too busy to destroy nature. 	
     Revising Administrative activities such that funds are well used will reduce taxes for companies. Entrepreneurs too will be encouraged to form new companies. This will reduce unemployment as well as better the lives of the people and their immediate environment.

add_info:
I believe that if an opporturnity is given me i will have the chance of expressing my ideas especially during the question and answer session.

suggested_topic:
Empowering People to Participate in SIAs


abstract_title:
Corporate Social Responsibility: a simplified study of the social management in Brazilian companies

abstract:
The incorporation of social aspects into the decisions and strategic actions of companies has been a great challenge for the corporations of all sizes all over the world. By implementing a system of social responsibility management, the companies must follow a series of requirements (ethics in the negotiations with employees, clients and suppliers; responsible production; good working conditions; respect to the environment and integration with local communities, among others), getting as a result the construction of a sustainable economic and social development for the company and its surroundings.

The equivalent to 59% of all the companies in the country develop actions in benefit of the community. When it comes to the micro and small enterprises, the contribution is surprising: 54% of the companies that have between one and ten employees and 69% of those that have between eleven and one hundred employees have programs that benefit poor communities. 

The social actions developed by the Brazilian enterprises can be analyzed under different aspect: about their nature, objective, acting focus, sector origin and the characteristics of the principal promoting agent. 

The present work analyzes the social profile of the Brazilian companies and the several actions realized in the social context.


abstract_title:
Analysis of the effectiveness of the public participation in the EIA of public construction in Valencia - Spain

abstract:
The public participation is considered to be a fundamental stage of the EIA, since is takes into consideration the values, concerns and preferences of the public, thus incorporating transparency and legitimacy to the decision making, resulting in an improvement of its quality. Despite being over 30 years since it has been used and accepted, the public participation in EIA is not exempt from being criticized about its application. In some cases, the effectiveness of the participation has been continuously doubted, sometimes used as a tool to legitimate decisions already taken, and not as a tool to take into consideration the opinions of the several parties involved. The stage of the process where the participation occurs, the way it must happen, the techniques used and the consulted audience, are also reasons for controversy. 
The present work analyses the effectiveness of the stage of public participation in the EIA processes in the province of Valencia - Spain, using for that purpose a sample of forty public project, whose typology, according to the European Commission for Environment, stimulates more the public participation than others and proposes to establish criteria to control the quality of this participation through the elaboration of a series of indicators.


abstract_title:
Study of the influence of public hearings in EIAs of public projects. A case study in Pernambuco - Brasil

abstract:
The public hearing is one of the methods of public participation most used through the process of Environmental Impact Assessment. The public hearing is an open forum for the interaction among all the parties interested in a project, allowing the public to present their concerns and opinions, with the objective of improving the decision-making procedure. 
The present study analyses the influence of the public hearings in the EIAs of public projects realized in Pernambuco – Brasil between the years of 1989-2005. Despite the benefits that the public hearings bring to the EIA process, many obstacles were found in this study.
1.The stage of the EIA when the hearings happen is regulated by legislation. In most cases, the hearings were done too late in the decision-making process, making difficult any significant alterations in the project resulting from the public participation. 
2. Some hearings were realized with the objective of legitimating decisions already made and to meet a legal obligation. 
These two obstacles, added to the low understanding of the public about the proposed projects and its environmental component, besides the low representation of all the involved parties, restricted the influence of the public hearings in the EIAs realized.


abstract_title:
The Use of the Ugandan Legal and Policy Systems to Address Environmental And Social Safeguard Issues in the World Bank and African Development Bank Projects

organization:
East African Association for Impact Assessment

abstract:
The operational policies of the development institutions like the World Bank and African Development Bank are vital to efforts aimed at promoting poverty reduction and sustainable development.  As a result, such institutions have developed policies that require that potentially adverse environmental impacts and selected social impacts of investment projects be identified, avoided or minimized where feasible, and mitigated and monitored. However, the development of these safeguards did not take into consideration the local constraints both technical and institutional that are continuously faced by developing countries like Uganda. Thus, since the late 1990s, the safeguard policies have come under pressure for supposedly being too cumbersome, and for making Banks’ projects too expensive.

As such the use of country systems has been proposed as a viable alternative to the safeguard measures. Uganda has since been chosen as a pilot study for the use of the country systems. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the Uganda’s legal environmental and social safeguards as a viable alternative to environmental and social safeguards and make recommendations on how the system can be improved


abstract_title:
The Ecosystem Approach and Regional Collaboration: Towards Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

abstract:
The Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) relate to sections of population in developing countries that are mostly dependent directly on natural resources for their subsistence and livelihoods. Therefore, for the achievement of these goals it is necessary to examine humans as part of the ecosystem in traditional natural resource management. 

Economic development, efficient use and management of shared resources, promotion of peace and security, investing in economies of scale and social development are some of the key justifications for current African regional integration initiatives . African politicians now have a framework to integrate their efforts (the Africa Union) and will be using a variety of mechanisms (including continental (NEPAD), regional and country-specific strategies) to achieve sustainable development objectives. 

Africa and the international community have various visions for “claiming the 21st century” for the poor, contained in commitments made at the World Summit on Sustainable development and the Millennium Summit. Regional collaboration and integration are imperative for human development in a globalised world and for achievement of the MDGs. 
In this context a conceptual inclusion of humans and practical level regional collaboration and development as means to to achieving these visions and MDG in Africa is examined in this paper.


abstract_title:
Providing knowledge and skills to bureaucrats about mainstreaming universal design through specialized training

abstract:
The World Bank has worked with Charles Alton of Global Environmental Solutions since 2003 to identify which of the points of entry provided by the Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies (see http://www.worldbank.org/safeguards) could be used to mainstream disabilities and universal design into Bank-funded activities.  Two analytical reports and one pilot training later, training on the subject is being mainstreamed in the Bank's intensive safeguard training program.  The process of providing incentives to operational staff to participate in such training, as well as the actual delivery and evaluations of such training sessions are analyzed in this paper.  Recommendations are made to improve these courses, their delivery, their impacts and the incentives to participate.


abstract_title:
The role of spatial planning in biodiversity adaptation to climate change

abstract:
Climate change is already having impacts on biodiversity within Europe.  It is clear that, even if action is successfully taken to meet Kyoto-and-beyond targets for greenhouse gas reductions, further climate change is unavoidable, with significant implications for habitats and species.

Spatial planning represents an important intervention to further European, national and local biodiversity objectives for climate change adaptation.  This paper reports on a trans-national study examining the scope of spatial plans in the Netherlands, England and France in addressing the impacts of climate change. It focused on the time-horizons of plans, how far they consider the direct or indirect impacts of climate change, and how far they address the specific needs of biodiversity, and the wider interactions with natural systems.

The paper draws on case-studies of inland and coastal areas in the three countries, using stakeholder workshops.  The paper concludes that, while there is evidence of some developing good practice, very little systematic use is being made of the EU SEA or EIA Directives to “climate-proof” planning policies or projects. It makes some recommendations for plan processes and the integration of biodiversity objectives, and comments on the potential use of appraisal and assessment tools.

a2_org:
Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development


abstract_title:
Planning and cumulative effects: assessing an automobile shredder residues (ASR) landfill site in a fragile area

job:
Associate Professor in Environmental Assessment and Urban Ecology

abstract:
Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is an essential tool for a proper environmental assessment.  This is particularly true in transition zones between human settlements and the surrounding rural areas, where human activities are often inconsistent with environmental conditions.  
In this study, the project of ASR landfill extension, located in the fragile area near Lake Garda, has been analysed. ASR disposal issues should not be evaluated merely within a specific EIA procedure, but rather should be included in the analysis of the entire automobile energetic cycle, and verified by Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).  
The assigned value of CEA in the decision-making process, its integration with risk scenarios and local community involvement, have been assessed.  
The study emphasizes the different conclusions, as concerns the identification and quantification of the most significant impacts, reached by the proponent, and by the independent analysis carried out by the group of university IUAV of Venice and supported by local community and public administration.  The proponent project suggests extending the current landfill, whilst the independent analysis, on the contrary, sustains the ‘do nothing’ alternative, the need for the decommissioning of the site, and for environmental restoration

a2_job:
Assistant professor in landscape ecology


abstract_title:
Environmental Implications of Land Administration and Land Reform Projects: Some Lessons Learned

abstract:
Land administration (cadastre, titling, registry) and land reform (redistribution) projects are widespread in developing countries and popular with international donors. Traditionally, these projects have been assessed in terms of agricultural output, economic efficiency, poverty reduction, or social equity. However, land projects and associated policies can also affect natural resource use and biodiversity conservation, both positively and negatively. Environmental issues in land administration and land reform include land tenure within existing and proposed protected areas and buffer zones; incentives for forest conservation and management versus deforestation; intensified use of agricultural and grazing lands; ownership of archaeological sites and other cultural property; and settlement or urbanization within natural disaster-prone areas. Land administration projects can be environmentally enhanced through protected areas demarcation and consolidation; titling and demarcating the communal landholdings of indigenous and other forest-based and pastoral populations; promoting environmentally favorable changes in land tenure laws; and monitoring induced land use changes. Land reform projects can be improved through environmental screening of the lands proposed for redistribution, as well as the associated physical investments. In many countries, land administration and land reform projects provide under-utilized opportunities to conserve natural habitats and promote more sustainable rural and urban development.

suggested_topic:
Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries: Relationships


abstract_title:
Building Awareness of IA Capacity Building among Decision Makers

abstract:
A four-pager has been prepared in draft version.  Its objective is to inform decision makers about the benefits of capacity building for Impact Assessment as a key tool to enhance governance at regional, national, sub-national and/or local levels.  The draft will be presented and finalized with the participants in this very interactive session.


abstract_title:
Learning through participation in EA:  Case studies from Canada

organization:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba

abstract:
Can organizations learn through participation in environmental assessment (EA)?  This was the focus of a recent study examining linkages among sustainability, EA, public participation and learning.  Research design involved a comparative case study of two concurrent but geographically separate projects, the Wuskwatim generation station and transmission lines projects in Northern Manitoba, Canada, and the Snap Lake Diamonds Project, in the Northwest Territories, Canada.  The EAs of these proposed developments provided multiple opportunities for public involvement, including comments on the scope of the assessment, information requests, and public hearings.  Data collection included participant observation, semi-structured interviews with EA participants, and documentation generated through the course of the reviews.  Data were organized using QSR Nvivo, a qualitative database software system.  Results indicate that participants of EA engage in individual, organizational and policy oriented learning.  Findings revealed the importance of creating opportunities for discussion and debate as a means of engaging organizations in, and encouraging learning through EA.  Results also show that with repeated engagement in sector-specific EAs, participants learned use project specific EAs to compel the development and implementation of regional planning initiatives.  These findings suggest that higher order learning for sustainability may be occurring through project based EA.

add_info:
Keywords:  public involvement, environmental assessment, learning, Canada


abstract_title:
Criteria for Assessing Good Practices in IA Capacity Building

abstract:
A small and useable set of criteria to assess good practices in IA capacity building is proposed.  It focuses on developing countries' condition.  The set addresses three key aspects of capacity building:
- institution building
- training and technical capacity building
- networking

The interaction with participants will allow an improvement of the criteria and a plan of action will be developed on site to test and disseminate these criteria.


abstract_title:
Strengthening EIA: The Case of Central America.

abstract:
The Central American region has been immersed in a process of harmonization, modernization and strengthening of environmental impact assessment at country and regional level. 

The Ministers of Environment subscribed an Agreement (2002) with the intention to strengthen the EIA systems in Central America through a logical systematization and coherent system, facilitating the commercial integration, regional competitiveness and sustainable development. Based on this Agreement, a regional Plan of Action was approved by each country’s EIA Authority. The work done has been focused on public participation and gender equity, decentralization, Strategic Environmental Assessment, transboundary impacts, technical guidelines and legislation.

The region is facing new projects (Plan Puebla Panama, Free Trade Agreements). All these projects and initiatives will bring development to the region in many aspects, and also have the intention to reduce poverty, increase economical development, and include social participation and equity in the region through the promotion of sustainable development.

This work has been achieved by means of reinforcement, promotion and development of the EIA process. In this process, many institutions, organizations and civil society have been trained, informed and assisted by IUCN/ ORMA, CCAD and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affaires, supported by many important actors.

add_info:
For further information on this harmonization and strengthening process, visit www.eia-centroamerica.org


abstract_title:
The PERS of Developing Multifunctional Administrative City In Korea

abstract:
The Korean government decided to construct the multifunctional administrative city at the middle of the Korean Peninsula, to decentralize the population and functions in capital area.
In this process, SEA concept is adapted to make a Eco-City, which is included many environmentally friend factors such as high contact with nature and low impact to men as a concept of circular urban metabolism in the phase of the Land Use Planning.
In the process of decision making the Land use planning, planning team and PERS team discussed for 7 monthes, and coordinated the best alternative of land use
For the constuction of Eco-City, we decided the conservation areas in analyzing the Eco-Axis(Green-Axis), Water stream(Blue-Axis) and Wind Corridors(White-Axis). 
As the result, almost 50% of the developing area are suppose to be conservated physically, and the many sustainable developing strategies are adopted to the basic plan.
We hope that the Multifunctional Administrative City in Korea will be the good model of eco-city planning with PERS in 21th century.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN     Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment of Banning Polythene Shopping Bags in Dhaka City

abstract:
WITHDRAWN      Through the last decade Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh got flooded even in moderate rainfall. Free flowing of polythene shopping bags jamming the city drainage system is considered as one of the main reasons for this problem. Accordingly, the use of polythene bags was banned in Dhaka City since January 2002. But recent reports indicate that, these bags are again making a comeback due to lack of awareness among the citizens and producers regarding their negative impacts. On this background, this study aimed at estimating the socio-environmental impact  of banning polythene bags in Dhaka City by using contingent valuation method (CVM) and remote sensing. A total of 1050 households have been interviewed covering all the thanas (areas) of Dhaka City. The results of the survey study indicated that, the decision to prohibit polythene bag use had positive socio-environmental impact in reducing flood disaster intensity in Dhaka City as a whole and suggested that, more strict implementation of the banning law and supply of cheap alternative bags are needed to stop the re-use of polythene shopping bags.

a3_org:
Environment and Scoial Development Organization

a4_org:
Environment and Scoial Development Organization

a5_org:
Environment and Scoial Development Organization


abstract_title:
The Trend of SEA Movement in Japanese Local Governments

abstract:
Though the movement of introducing SEA system into Japan has been observed, it is still difficult.  It requires advanced information disclosure and public participation.  Alternative plans or policies for mitigating environmental impacts should be considered in the early stage of decision-making process.  Japanese government has been examining the SEA system since end of 1990s.  But it is very hard because of very competitive situation of Ministries in charge of big construction projects in Japan.  The situation might be better in local governments as they could take more comprehensive approach than the national government.
     A survey was conducted on the state of the art of SEA in major local governments in January 2006.  There are 47 prefectures and 13 big cities in Japan.  Some of them are conducting studies for making SEA systems.  The survey was done by the mailing method based on questionnaire sheets and additional interviews were also conducted for necessary respondents.  All of the 60 autonomies responded to our survey.  The analysis including statistical ones tells us the symptoms of the SEA movement, though it is not dominant in Japan.  As we conducted a panel survey in 2002, comparative analysis between 2002 and 2006 was also done.


abstract_title:
STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY IN MINIHYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN SRI LANKA

abstract:
The status of biodiversity in EIA in mini hydropower projects remains at a very low level. The genetic diversity, abundance, distribution and cumulative impacts are not  thoroughly investigated. Especially the aquatic fauna is highly overlooked. Because of high endemicity in the country and restricted distribution of many species, construction of mini hydropower plants cause severe threat to certain species. At present no specific guideline for placing biodiversity effectively in EIA. 
The paucity of expertise, inadequate area specific knowledge in EIA conducting teams as well in Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of Sri Lanka, lack of long-term scientific data, and monitoring plans, public participation in EIA and inconsistencies among state departments are the major barriers for effective integration of biodiversity in EIA. 
Preparing a national action plan is vital for effective integration of biodiversity in EIA.  A special guideline for mini hydropower sector must be prepared immediately. 
Long-term measures would involve establishment of National Expert Committee, better implementation of the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance, capacity building for officials in CEA, institutional reforms, promotion of scientific research, use of advance tools such as GIS and Remote Sensing, collaborate with foreign experts and organization and active public participation in EIA.


abstract_title:
Consensus Building Process of Making a Waste Management Plan -A Case Study on Chushin Area in Nagano Prefecture, Japan-

abstract:
SEA on a waste management project plan is essential for minimizing potential impacts caused by it.  However, the SEA act has not been made yet on the national level and SEA practices are still limited in Japan.
The paper aims to analyze the consensus building process of making the waste management plan for Chushin region in Nagano Prefecture.  The process is considered as one of the most advanced SEA cases in contemporary Japan.  It was done through a committee composed of hybrid of experts and stakeholder (application of ESH model).  The study was conducted by three steps.  Firstly, a process model was build based on the knowledge of planning discipline and systems analysis discipline.  Secondly, the discussed contents of the committee were clarified using the minute.  Thirdly, the process of consensus building was interpreted according to our process model.
Two conclusions were obtained by the analysis.  The process was proceeded not quickly straight forward but slowly by repeating back and forth.  Two patterns of repeating going back and forth were observed in the whole consensus building process.  The first pattern was succeeded by the second pattern on the way to the consensus building.


abstract_title:
Debating the principles and practice of health impact assessment: IAIA principles document

abstract:
IAIA promotes different forms of impact assessment using a variety of means. One of those promotional means is the publication of a principles/ guideline document profiling the main values, concepts and practice of each form of impact assessment. A draft guideline paper for health impact assessment has been produced over the past two years. For its third discussion with IAIA participants, this draft document will be available for reading prior to the conference and during the conference. This roundtable will allow participants to voice their opinion on the merit of the document. The outcome will be advice from practitioners on changes required and a mandate to publish the document.

a2_add:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia


abstract_title:
Evaluating the roll-out of HIA in New Zealand

abstract:
HIA using a social determinants of health approach has only been actively promoted in New Zealand to central and local government for the past 3 years. Forthunately much of this work has been evaluated, and this paper presents a unique opportunity to hear about country-level implementation of a new form of impact assessment.

Problems faced and lessons learned are likely to be applicable to other countries.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN   Structural Validity of a Simulation Model for Sustainable Development

abstract:
WITHDRAWN   System dynamics simulation models are well suited for the analysis of problems related to sustainable development. This is due to their ability to take an integrative view of social, economic, and environmental factors and link the observable patterns to micro-level structure and decision processes. Despite their capabilities, the acceptance of system dynamics simulation models by the broader community of decision makers is limited. We argue that reluctance by the system dynamics modelers to expose their models to formal structural validity procedures is the main problem. This leads to an outline of formal structural validity procedures available but less explored in system dynamics modeling ‘repertoire’. An illustration of the multiple tests for structural validity of a system dynamics simulation model for sustainable energy policy development follows. Finally, various conclusions on the increased appeal for simulation models for sustainable development initiatives are also presented.


abstract_title:
Successes in Impact Assessment's contribution to Millennium Development Goal 6: A review of the assessment of HIV/AIDS impacts of development projects

abstract:
HIV/AIDS has been recognised as a threat to global security and is specifically targeted in the MDGs through Glao 6 which seeks to "combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases."  Impact Assessment processeshave long recognised the importance of assessing health impacts associated with development policies, plans and projects.  Initially IA focused predominantly on the environmental health impacts of development.  In more recent times the link between environment, poverty and health has led to a greater consideration of other health concerns in society.

In the last ten years a significant body of work has emerged from the IA community in response to the impacts associated with HIV/AIDS.  This paper presents an overview of some of the work.  It draws on case studies as well as research and capacity building initiatives that have addressed HIV/AIDS impacts in the IS process.  The evidence shows that in response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, some of the IA community has embraced the call of the MDGs and has made a contribution to the fight against HIV/AIDS.  

The paper concludes with some lessons learnt in support of IA's role in tackling HIV/AIDS and other health issues.


abstract_title:
DUPLICATE of #214   Successes in Impact Assessment's contribution to Millennium Development Goal 6: A review of the assessment of HIV/AIDS impacts of development projects

abstract:
DUPLICATE of 214       HIV/AIDS has been recognised as a threat to global security and is specifically targeted in the MDGs through Glao 6 which seeks to "combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases."  Impact Assessment processeshave long recognised the importance of assessing health impacts associated with development policies, plans and projects.  Initially IA focused predominantly on the environmental health impacts of development.  In more recent times the link between environment, poverty and health has led to a greater consideration of other health concerns in society.

In the last ten years a significant body of work has emerged from the IA community in response to the impacts associated with HIV/AIDS.  This paper presents an overview of some of the work.  It draws on case studies as well as research and capacity building initiatives that have addressed HIV/AIDS impacts in the IS process.  The evidence shows that in response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, some of the IA community has embraced the call of the MDGs and has made a contribution to the fight against HIV/AIDS.  

The paper concludes with some lessons learnt in support of IA's role in tackling HIV/AIDS and other health issues.


abstract_title:
Reframing EIA practice in support of sustainable development: When science doesn't have all the answers

abstract:
Fourteen years ago, Agenda 21 recognised the contribution of IA to sustainable development.  Whilst IA and EIA specifically have enjoyed international popularity with ever-increasing growth in policy and practice globally, we still lag far behind in achieving the goals of the MDGs.

The effectiveness of EIA in promoting sustainable development, especially in developing countries, is questionable.  There are a host of legitimate factors that have limited the successful implementation of good EIA practice in developing countries.  These icnlude lack of policy and local capacity.  This paper will however explore a more fundamental aspect of EIA which is limiting the tool's effectiveness in supporting sustainable development - the scientific approach to EIA practice.

The paper considers theories that have informed EIA practice and the broader technocratic and scientific papardigms that have influenced practice.  Applied from a technocratic perspective, EIA can become a tool of power that excludes the poor from development processes. An alternative paradigm to the technocratic approach is suggested - social justice.  The paper argues for the explicit use of social justice principles in impact assessment.  Only by applying a social justice approach can EIA begin to tackle the enormous challenge of sustainable development in developing countries.


abstract_title:
Public Involvement for Sustainable Society and SEA

abstract:
Public Involvement (PI) is a way for reflecting public opinion to the decision making of public sector.  The term of public participation (PP) is also used to express a way for this purpose.  The role of PI and PP are almost same but the name depends on if it is said from public sector (PP) or from general public (PI).  For creating a sustainable society, the public sector is required to conduct good practice of PI for reflecting public opinions in the decision making of big projects which might give significant impacts to the environment for fulfill its accountability.  For this purpose, it should be conducted from very earlier stage of decision making process.  SEA is a way for this purpose through scientific analysis and a democratic process based on information disclosure and participation.  But sometimes such proponents as road construction or hydric dam construction bodies argue that they could manage this through PI not by SEA.  The difference between PI and SEA is intervention from outside of the proponents.  The paper discusses what are the merits and demerits of PI and SEA for the goal of creating sustainable society.  The recent discussions in Japan are illustrated as some examples.


abstract_title:
STATUTORY GUIDANCE FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN TANZANIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

organization:
INSTITUTE OF RESOURCE ASSESSMENT - UNIVERSITY OF DAR-ES-SALAAM

abstract:
TITLE: STATUTORY GUIDANCE FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN TANZANIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Key words: Good governance, public, transparent decisionmaking, public participation, participatory decision making 

Good governance and transparent decision making system are key tools for facilitating participatory decisions in environmental management.  

Tanzania enacted its environmental management act in 2005. This act guides various environment management issues such as environmental planning and management, impact assessment and public participation in environmental decision-making. Implementations of this act needs a lot of preparations including establishment of EA guidelines and regulations and specify roles of institutions responsible for environmental management.

The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of public participation framework as outlined in the environmental management act of Tanzania in ensuring proper assessment of environmental impacts and create opportunities for effective participatory decision making of environmental management issues. 

Initial observation indicates that provision of public participation in this law does not provide sufficient guidance to address key issues like responsibilities of different players, participation tools, conflicts management and others.

Therefore the paper recommends the establishment of specific guidelines on how to undertake public participation effectively in environmental assessment in Tanzania.


abstract_title:
The Simple Flash-rate Estimation System on Heated & Pressurized C2-C10 Mixtures

abstract:
After the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995 and the accident of the uranium conversion plant in 1999, the Japanese concern about "the safety and being safe" has become high level. The assessment of an accident in a petrochemical factory or a generating plant (containing heavy-oil gasification equipment etc) has to be done. Fires or explosions are caused by leakage of combustible gases. Safety and prevention assessment has to be carried out under some local governments’ orders. 
   Leaked materials and these values are main factors of influence prediction. These numbers are released by plants engineers. Residents are no judge of true or not, or margin of error. In order to collateralize residents' check function, the flash-rates (=gasification rates) of the heated and pressurized hydrocarbon mixtures could be estimated by using the simple system. In this report, the system is limited in flash-rates’ estimation.
   The report and PC software of association of flash rate estimation system with diffusion calculations will be released in the conference 2006 of Japan Association for Impact Assessment (JSIA), 1st to 3rd in September.

add_info:
keywords: hydrocarbon mixtures, flash-rate, estimation system


abstract_title:
Wave energy converter Seawave Slot-cone Generator (SSG).

abstract:
The Seawave Slot-cone Generator under development by the Norwegian company WaveEnergy AS is a wave energy converter utilizing wave overtopping into a total of three reservoirs placed on top of each other. The potential energy in the water collected in the three reservoirs is converted into electricity by the used of a single patented multi stage turbine (MST) and an asynchronous generator. The SSG is designed as a near shore concrete structure with the turbine shaft as virtually the only moving part of the system. A pilot plant is planned for deployment at the west coast of Kvitsøy, (Stavanger)during 2006.The Kvitsoy municipality has 520 inhabitants and is one of 10,000 islands in Europe where wave energy can quickly be developed into a cost-effective energy production alternative to existing diesel generators. The objective of the pilot project is to demonstrate at full-scale, the operation of one module of the SSG wave energy converter in an 19 kW/m wave climate, and to connect the system to the public grid for electricity production.The Project is part funded by the European Commission FP6 with EURm 1 and ENOVA with EURm 0,26.

add_info:
WAVEenergy AS, a company based at Aalgard 20 km south of Stavanger, Norway.
It was founded in April 2004 to develop the Seawave Slot-Cone generator (SSG) concept


street_add:
Department of Planning. School of Built Environment

abstract:
The degree of effectiveness of an EIA system significantly depends on the competency of the environmental, economic and social policy instruments into which such system is introduced. When applied to constructive cultural, political and institutional ambience, the EIA will proffer immensely. On the other hand, where such features do not subsist, the EIA tends to aggrandize the presence of conflicts, delays and unsatisfactory assessments. 

Although Korea has instituted the EIA in 1977 with numerous provisions balancing between development and conservation, obstacles in the system and management have still not been overcome. Hitherto, such problems were not fundamentally confronted, but were approached by merely piecemeal reforms, enforcing regulations, only yielding deeper problems.

This paper investigates how the EIA system works through a distinct causality of present EIA obstacles and analyzes the overall status of the EIA. In conclusion, actual complications surfacing are brought about and remedies are tentatively proposed.


abstract_title:
A Survey of Pesticide Application in Vegetable Growing in Northeast Thailand

job:
Associate Profesor in Entomology (Insecticide Toxicology, Environmental Entomology)

organization:
Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University

abstract:
Vegetable production is influenced by consumer demand for uniform produce. In Thailand, the  use of chemical pesticides has become the main instrument of pest control. Surveys of those applying pesticides (insecticides and herbicides) was made in two vegetables growing areas; Hua Rue District, Ubon Rachathani Province and Muang District, Khon Kaen Province. Data collection was accomplished through questionnaires and presented in term of percentages.
Eleven insecticides and five herbicides, of different active ingredients, were found to use extensively. These chemicals were sorted according to the “chemical family” and according to the “WHO toxicity classification”. Vegetable growers believed that chemical input was necessary to maximize yield and quality. Farmer’s behavior in spraying, mixing and handling of pesticide disposals indicated a lack of real knowledge or awareness of actual damage.

a2_org:
Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University

a3_org:
Nakornsawan Disease Control Unit, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health Affairs


abstract_title:
Environmental Impact Assessment of nuclear waste: an unsustainable route

abstract:
For more than fifteen years, three options for the disposal of nuclear waste have been studied: partitioning/transmutation, deep geological repository, entreposage.  
None of these solutions, whether assessed separately or in possible combinations, can guarantee a safe disposal, particularly of highly radioactive waste.  
An EIA of the transmutation process has not yet been carried out, because testing is still in the laboratory phase.  
An EIA of entreposage should take into account that the site must be near to an existing nuclear plant.  Thus, a cumulative effects assessment is necessary.  
An EIA of deep geological disposal must note that those geological formations, considered up to now, are not entirely reliable.  This has been seen in Yucca Mountain (USA), in Bure (France), and in Scanzano (Italy). In the assessment of these sites, the authors identify a lack of acceptable mitigation and compensation measures, and sustain the impossibility of defining admissible levels of probabilistic risk for future generations.  
IAIA should focus their attention further on this subject.  Action is fundamental, due to the continuous requests for the revitalization of a civilian nuclear program. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the case of Iran, this cannot be evaluated independently from nuclear production for military purposes.

a2_job:
Assistant Professor in landscape ecology


abstract_title:
Survey of Insecticide Resistance Level of Cruciferous Pest in some Provinces of Thailand

abstract:
In Thailand ,the  diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Plutellidae : Lepidoptera) is a serious pest of  cruciferous crops where various classes of insecticides were used intensively. Field populations of the diamondback moth collected from seven cruciferous vegetable plantations from four provinces ; Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Petchaboon and Udon Thani ; were examined for levels of insecticide resistance to abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawi (Bta), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk), chlorfenapyr and profenofos when compared with a susceptible population. Resistance to abamectin, Bta, Btk and profenofos  were observed with the resistance ratios of 2- to 84- fold, 1- to 15- fold, 1- to 15- fold and 1- to 9- fold, respectively. No resistance to chlorfenapyr was found from all collected field populations.


more_authors:
Mr Sivertsen has a Master in dispersion meteorology, boundary layer turbulence and dispersion. He has 35 years of experience in air pollution monitoring network design, air quality measurement, air pollution modelling and air quality assessment. He has presented more than 50 papers and has written more than 400 reports. He performed a number of Environmental impact analyses and performed several field experiments to establish the input for dispersion models, impact statements and state of the environment reports. During the last 15 years some of the main topics were air pollution screening, air quality planning, optimal abatement strategies, and air quality management. 

Bjarne Sivertsen has long experience in work within and with Developing countries, as an international expert in co-ordinating and handling interdisciplinary projects. He has also developed training programmes on air quality in Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East and South America.
In addition to the Scandinavian countries he has worked in AbuDhabi, Botswana, China, Egypt, India, Jordan, Kuwait, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Southern Africa, UAR, Venezuela, Zambia, and has performed project audits and evaluations in Thailand, Chile and Mexico.

abstract:
apacity building and practical solutions concerning impact assessment and planning for better air quality in Asia has been on the agenda for NILU during the last ten years.

Poor air quality in many areas of Asia is a key threat to health, environment and quality of life. The current literature provides substantial information on the effects of outdoor air pollution on the health of Asia’s people, information that can serve today as a resource for important Asian decisions. Short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increases in daily mortality and morbidity. The ability of performing impact assessment as a part of the planning process is important in order to make the right decisions.

This presentation will highlight the EIA as part of the planning process performed by NILU in Asia. Examples will be given from Shanxi, China and from HoChiMinhCity, Vietnam. The main objectives of these projects were to establish an Air Quality Management system, perform adequate training and institutional building for the local institution to take over and perform the planning process themselves. The final objective was to develop a plan the improvement of air quality and to develop an Air Pollution Master Plan.


abstract_title:
(WITHDRAWN) Characteristics, Issues, and Reforming Plans of the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment System

abstract:
(WITHDRAWN) After rapid economic growth in the 1970s and 80s, Korea has become a member of the OECD since 1996. In the developing years, the Korean EIA was introduced and enforced in the late 70s and the 90s, respectively. Over the years, through numerous trials and errors, the Korean EIA system has developed into a concept fitting into the Korean society. Both Basic Environmental Policy Act (2000) reflecting concepts of the SEA and EIA Act (2000) have been established and effectively operated as strong and broad regulation methods for preserving the environment led by the Ministry of Environment.  Recently, the public’s understanding of preserving the environment has been extremely increased.  As a result, the present EIA policy, which has evolved through the country’s developing years, needs fundamental alterations in operation system. To improve present EIA system, there are two major goals to be accomplished. The first one is to require more developers’ responsibility in order to prepare environmentally-friendly proposals. The second is to derive social agreement on development projects. In this study, the current problems in Korean EIA system, and the necessity of the improvement of its administrative structure for a new paradigm are discussed.

add_info:
Author withdrew this paper 14 February 2006. -jh


abstract_title:
Keeping a Promise: EIA and Follow-up for a major urban development in England

abstract:
The EU Directives on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) require that Environmental Statements (ESs) describe the measures envisaged to mitigate the significant adverse effects of a development proposal on the environment.  These measures are often influential in the decision to approve the project, but UK EIA legislation includes no requirement to monitor their implementation.  However, ensuring that mitigation promises are implemented, and environmental outcomes are acceptable, is vital as part of ‘follow-up’ if EIA is to have credibility, particularly amongst those affected by EIA developments.  EIAs for outline planning applications in England pose particular challenges, as they are necessarily based on less detailed proposals than are eventually implemented through more detailed applications.  

The paper examines the EIA of a major urban extension with 1900 homes on the edge of the city of Gloucester and the Cotswold hills, a sensitive environment in south-west England, and how the key environmental mitigation measures are being implemented and followed-up.  Lessons are identified for good practice in ensuring satisfactory environmental outcomes, particularly the continued role of the EIA practitioner in ensuring good EIA follow-up practice in the project as it evolves from outline permission, through detailed design, to construction.


abstract_title:
Effects of geothermal wastewater disposal: Assessment of seasonal and spatial variability in thermal stress in Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland

organization:
Kenya Electricity Generating Co. Ltd, Olkaria Geothermal Power Project

abstract:
Nesjavellir geothermal plant in SW-Iceland utilizes high temperature fluid for power generation and space heating. Wastewater is pumped into drill holes or disposed in Nesjavellir stream, which disappears into the lava ending up in Lake Thingvallavatn, a rift lake of high conservational value.  Water temperature measurements show that the large volume of wastewater (40.9°C - 84.0°C) disposed off has caused a rise in summer and winter water temperature at lake shoreline outflow sites. At  outflow sites temperature was in the range 23.4-27.3°C. Spatial distribution of thermal stress varies seasonally. Summertime water temperature profiles showed decrease in water temperature with increasing depth and distance from the shore.  During windy spells the warm water tends to mix with the lake water thus lowering thermal stress effects. During winter, when ice covers most of the lake, areas close to warm water outflow points remain ice-free. In these situations a wall of cold water forms at the ice edge, resisting the warm water outflow and causing a deepening of the thermal effect on the biota near outflow sites. The thermal influence at the lake outflow sites will be averted with re-injection all the wastewater.


abstract_title:
Environmental Integration in EC Development Cooperation Programming, experiences in the use of Country Environmental Profiles

abstract:
During the phase of Programming in European Commission (EC) development co-operation the main tool for environmental integration is the Country Environmental Profile (CEP), which informs, from an environmental point of view, the preparation of Country Strategy Papers (CSPs). Recently the quality of CEPs has improved significantly and the CSPs that have been prepared for the next programming period (2007-2013) show evidence, in the form of a better environmental integration, of the value of CEPs. The CEPs have different entry points in the CSP and the results of environmental integration can be found in a series of “environmental integration outcomes”. This paper describes the structure of CEPs, their place in the EC cycle of operations and how they can be used in the CSP preparation. Through a series of case studies it shows the impact CEPs are having on the quality of CSPs, resulting in CSPs that set the ground for a more effective environmental integration throughout the whole cycle of operations. These include, for example, provisions for undertaking of Strategic Environmental Assessments when budgetary and sectoral support is foreseen, and integration of the environmental dimension in the definition of strategies and work programmes for focal sectors.


abstract_title:
Impact Assessment: Integrating social, health and environmental assessment for projects

organization:
Shell International Exploration & Production

abstract:
Traditionally, impact assessment of projects has strongly orientated on effects on the environment.  Project proponents also wish to assess social and health impacts.  

In Shell Exploration and Production, impact assessment addresses social, health and environmental impacts of projects in a co-ordinated, integrated fashion.  The requirements are set through a global Impact Assessment standard and a global process and procedure.  The procedure interfaces with the project development process and guidance and sets clear deliverables and milestones in to deliver maximum value to the project.  

In some Shell companies social, health and environmental impact assessment has been carried out for some time already.  While the results of this have been positive, clear lessons for further improvements have also emerged.  Examples of these will be presented.  

The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) has developed a support tool called e-SHRIMP.  This will be web-based and provide comprehensive check-lists to assist companies, contractors and impact assessment consultants in stakeholder engagement and in scoping and execution of impact assessment.  The tool applies to the various types of projects that the exploration and production industry engages in and will be of use in support of Shell’s impact assessment procedure.

a2_org:
Shell International Exploration & Production

a3_org:
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria


abstract_title:
Small scale projects and their impact to the environment;An examination of screening guidelines and planning process in Tanzania

abstract:
SMALL SCALE PROJECTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT- An examination of screening guidelines and planning process in Tanzania

Many forms of development projects regardless of their size, impact on the environment. With inadequate screening procedures and guidelines coupled with poor planning for these development projects, the negative impacts to the environment are accelerated.

In Tanzania, the newly enacted Environmental Management Act (Act No 20 of 2004) outlines the need for EIA for projects that are likely to impact on the environment. The EIA Regulations provides details on the screening procedures and outlines a list of projects requiring mandatory EIA and those that may or may not require EIA. The list of project that may or may not require mandatory EIA is primarily made of small-scale projects. This screening process may lead to leaving out large number of projects that may affect the environment due to their cumulative effect. With poor urban planning in Tanzania, development projects will have more negative impacts to the environment.

This report will present findings on the impact of such unclear screening and make recommendations for improving the EIA process.

suggested_topic:
Planning and Zoning: The Forgotten Aspect


abstract_title:
The Optimum Role of Environmental Assessments in Long-term Radioactive Waste Management in the United Kingdom

street_add:
Planning Department, School of Environment and Development.

add_contd:
The University of Manchester. Oxford Road

abstract:
The United Kingdom has been producing radioactive waste since the 1940s and there are significant holdings currently stored at 37 locations around the country awaiting a long-term management solution. There is currently a Government review into various management options but once an option(s) is selected there are still various planning issues to overcome. SEA and EIA are mandatory for certain specified developments and will be required for the development of a long-term radioactive waste management facility. Within a previous planning failure to build a rock characterisation facility to determine whether a site was suitable for building an underground waste repository, the Environmental Assessments were criticised for the lack of alternatives addressed, poor stakeholder involvement, and the ambiguity of the decision-making process. Other countries have been more successful in achieving a long-term radioactive waste management facility, and there have been some controversial developments facing similar issues in the United Kingdom that have demonstrated good practice in the use of Environmental Assessments. This poster will show how research into the field will be undertaken to find the optimum use of Environmental Assessments, underpinned by stakeholder involvement, specifically for the United Kingdom.


abstract_title:
Impact Assessment of Community Based Wildlife Management on Welfare of Rural Communities and Conservation of Wildlife: Experiences from Botswana

organization:
Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis

street_add:
134 Millenium Office Park, Tshwene Drive

more_authors:
Charity Kerapeletswe is a research fellow at the Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis. She has a PhD in Environmental Economics from University of York, UK.

Elizabeth Frances Pienaar is a PhD student in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics
University of California – Davis

abstract:
This paper discusses the impact of community wildlife management in Botswana on welfare of rural communities and conservation of wildlife. In common with other developing countries, Botswana sought to conserve wildlife and alleviate poverty among rural communities through community based natural resources management (CBNRM). In theory, this conservation measure should impact positively on wildlife stocks and welfare of rural communities. In reality poaching and poverty persists due to limited CBNRM benefits and generation of tourism revenues remains elusive mainly due to financial mismanagement and lack of skills to establish high-value tourism ventures. This study found that CBNRM failed to generate adequate benefits to off-set the costs of living with wildlife and devise mechanisms of transmitting benefits at household level. Communities bear costs of living with wildlife. Crop damage by wildlife reduces household’ crop harvest and predators reduce livestock. Harvests are further reduced by household decisions to cultivate smaller areas of land that are easier to protect. Failure of CBNRM to meet expectations of welfare improvement is reversing positive conservation impact on the reduction in wildlife poaching. Source of data for the study is extensive interviews with two community conservation trust in northwestern of Botswana and 85 key informants.


abstract_title:
Strategic Transport Management as a Regional Development Competence

organization:
Centre for Traffic and Transport - Technical University of Denmark

abstract:
One characteristic trend of the current globalisation is a growing competition between regions and metropoles. The paper addresses this issue by examining one of these competitive features referred to as Strategic Transport Management (STM). The content of this parameter and the boundaries for the use of it as a measure is analysed. The paper also makes available some of the results obtained so far in the ongoing STM INTERREG IIIA project in the Øresund Region (STMØ) by discussing and placing STM in the context of the development of the Øresund Region. 

In the STMØ project subjects such as transport logistics and technique, business, transport law, transport structure, economics, transport networks, planning and environment are treated from different viewpoints. Particular issues in this aspect are discussed relating to sustainable development, integration and so-called holistic planning. Some conclusions are given at the end together with a perspective as concerns the consequences of implementing the results of the STMØ in planning, administration and practical transport management. Emphasis is given to the possibilities for using this knowledge to improve the abilities of planners and transport professionals and thereby increasing the competitive competence of the Øresund Region in a European and global context.

a2_org:
Centre for Traffic and Transport - Technical University of Denmark


abstract_title:
Draft Capacity-Development Manual to Support Implementation of the UNECE Protocol on SEA

abstract:
A Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment has been negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, supplementing the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context. Thirty-six States and the European Community signed the Protocol in 2003 and several have now ratified their signature.

At their first meeting, in June 2004, the signatory States decided to prepare a capacity-development manual to support implementation of the Protocol. This work has been undertaken by the Regional Environment Centre for Central and Eastern Europe, with the support of the UNECE secretariat. Drafts of the manual have been reviewed at events across the UNECE region. A small editorial group--comprising representatives of Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the European Commission and the United Nations Development Programme--has provided advice on the manual. 

With that small editorial group’s permission, the draft manual is to be made available on the Espoo Convention’s website (http://www.unece.org/env/eia/seamanual.html) and presented at IAIA’06. The manual will remain in draft pending a decision by the Meeting of Signatories to the Protocol.

The poster presentation will introduce the draft manual to IAIA’06 participants.


abstract_title:
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYDRIC  RESOURCES IN BRAZIL

job:
Manager of Social & Environmental Division

organization:
COMPANHIA DE ELETRICIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA-COELBA

abstract:
Brazil could be called a water country,   with long and numerous rivers.  95% of the electricity comes from Hydro Power Plants.  However, the best and biggest rivers   are not so easy to explore as they were   20 years ago, due to the necessity to provide a sustainable development.

During the last 5 years, important and democratic laws have been prepared with a strong participation of  the society, providing the fundamental tools to an efficient   management of the hydrical resources.

The main tool is the “basin committee”.  The most famous is the “Saint Francisco River Hydrographic Basin   Committee”. It’s divided into Technical Work Groups, Technical Chambers   to prepare Plans, Programs, Granting and Collecting Criteria for the use of water. This giant river has a 2.700km   length,   and crosses 504 municipalities.

The committee has  60 members, distributed as follows: Federal Government (5), States (6), Federal District (1), Municipalities (8), Water Users (24), Civil Entities (16), including 01 for an indigene representative and 8 for NGO. The Environment Secretary of Minas Gerais, the president, has the same vote as Mr Antônio, a fisher member who is also a    poet. This experience is a concrete and successful way of public participation.

add_info:
COELBA  is a member of the Saint Francisco River Hydrographical Basin Committee, in the category User.

In 2005, this committee voted against the Transposition of Saint Francisco River, a Brazilian federal government project.


abstract_title:
Rights, risks and responsibilities - a governance tool

abstract:
Significant challenges exist in ensuring that participatory processes reach out to affected stakeholders and are effective in influencing development outcomes. The rights, risks and responsibilities approach - or 3R approach - has been developed into a rigorous framework for stakeholder identification that integrates economic, social and environmental dimensions. It combines consideration of the rights of stakeholder groups, the risks they face and the responsibilities they hold and builds on the central theme of ‘recognition of rights and assessment of risks’ proposed by the World Commission on Dams. 

Beyond stakeholder identification, the 3R approach provides a governance tool to inform  infrastructure development processes from overall planning through to specific assessment activities, for example participation in resettlement planning, EIA consultations and  determination of environmental flows. The framework draws together into a single tool aspects of legal entitlement (formal and customary), risk assessment and responsibility for compliance.      

The paper summarizes findings of a scoping report prepared as the first step in developing practical guidance on implementing the 3R approach and presents its initial application on a proposed hydropower project in Southeast Asia. It further discusses how the framework of rights, risks and responsibilities can be integrated into current planning procedures.


abstract_title:
Environmental capacity development in the Spanish public sector: an evaluation of environmental assessment's potential to produce institutional reform

abstract:
Studies on the influence of EIA on design modification, environmental decision making, and in terms of progression towards the ultimate goal of sustainable development, have demonstrated only marginal incremental impacts, and very little positive movement. 
Theoretical approaches to explain this disappointing performance are not well developed, but it has been argued that processes of institutional change, and enhanced stakeholder involvement may be critical components as a means of improving effectiveness.
Capacity development (which could contribute to both these components) is the focus of this reported study, using Spain as a case study. A conceptual framework was developed and applied to all layers of the EIA process. Deficiencies affecting the successful implementation and performance of the Spanish system were identified. Suggested approaches to enhance the development of the capacity of institutions and stakeholders are suggested, emphasizing the interdependence of all strata of the governance process.

a2_org:
InteREAM (Interdisciplinary Research on Environmental Assessment and Management)


abstract_title:
Assessment of Endangered Plant Species in South Korea

abstract:
Biodiversity is an essential issue in conservation and its damage in proposed development can be reduced by environmental assessment. Developed countries implement environmental assessment to protect species diversity using their own national red lists. However, there has been lack of a national red list for many developing countries including South Korea. A provisional species list and an explicit evaluation method of conservation values that include species rareness, endemism, and traditional usage of biological resources are needed for those countries.
This research suggested 10 criteria, with five sub-criteria for each criterion, which can be used in evaluating conservation value of plant species. The criteria include taxonomic distinctiveness, geographic range, population size, habitat stability, extinction status, and human use, etc. According to averaging numbers of each criterion, the conservation index is acquired and categorized to four levels. The conservation index is applied to assess endangered plant species in South Korea, including 64 species designated by the Wildlife Protection Law. In addition, EIA experiences for conservation of legal endangered plant species in South Korea are presented.


abstract_title:
2.	Bio-diversity issues pertaining to the operation and maintenance of high voltage power lines within the Cape Floristic Kingdom.

abstract:
This paper would address the maintenance practices pertaining to the high voltage power line aiming to optimise the quality of supply to the Western Cape and Cape Town.  The city is the second biggest metropolis in South Africa, is furthest away from the generating capacity and is situated within an area which is prone to severe weather conditions, both during summer (dry summers and high fire danger index) and winter (heavy rainfall, snow and storms).  It will present practical case studies and examples.

add_info:
In addition to this, another paper and a poster could be presented titled "Utilisation of a Power Line corridor for Conservation of Bio-diversity within a urban area: The Plattekloof Natural Heritage Site" (poster) and paper "Issues pertaining to the Strengthening of the National Grid to the Western Cape Province of South Africa."


abstract_title:
3.	Utilisation of a Power Line corridor for Conservation of Bio-diversity within a urban area: The Plattekloof Natural Heritage Site

abstract:
A power line corridor within an urban area within the Cape Town Metropolitan Area was registered as the first natural heritage site of the South African Department of Environmental Affairs in 1986.  This site has secured a number of endangered plant species, it is a valuable environmental education site as well as an open public area for local residents.  However, the management of this open area within a residential suburb poses unique challenges.  Securing funds for the management of this site calls for company commitment to the triple bottom line commitment viz. social, environmental and economical requirements on the budget.


abstract_title:
The Regional Energetic Environmental Plan (REEP) of Marche Region, Italy.

abstract:
The REEP, a programmatic document for the regional energy sector, is unique and far-fetching, as it puts into practice what was laid out in an agreement between the Presidents of the Regions and Autonomous Provinces of Italy in Turin in 2001 (Turin Protocol): to take into account environmental implications of Energetic Plans.
The REEP identifies three strategic action lines:
1. Energy saving and end user efficiency
The REEP envisages a wide set of actions, distributed over the territory and in the different consumption sectors, especially the tertiary and the residential, and supported by awareness-raising and information campaigns and incentive programmes.
2. Exploitation of renewable sources
The REEP envisages to increase the exploitation of renewable sources, with a specific reference to agro-forestry biomasses, wind and solar energy.
3. Widespread production
The REEP intends to pursue high energy efficiency, focusing on widespread electric energy and heat production, on technological and management innovation and on district systems based on enterprises.
The evaluations foresee that the interventions scheduled in the REEP will contribute in a significant way to the achievement of the reduction targets of the Kyoto Protocol.


organization:
Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research

abstract:
The paper presents an abridgement of the EIA research in Norway over the last 25 years, including the 9 years preceding the introduction of regulations in 1990. 

In the early years of the research there was a focus on the implications for Norway of introducing the principles of EIA. During the first years of the regulations, the EU-directive and Espoo-konvention were still not implemented, and some research was directed towards what an implementation would imply. The first comprehensive study covered the first 6 years of the regulations, and has since been followed by a number of smaller issue specific studies. Just recently ended, we have seen a common project between the “Environmental Institutes” in Norway which has included theoretical involvement in analysing scoping, vulnerability, valuing, predictions and uncertainty, and common data needs in EIA and SEA.

The paper presents the results of most of these studies and one ongoing of the reform of the EIA-regulations from 1 April 2005.


abstract_title:
Institutionalizing Mitigated FONSIs: Another Step Away from the Precautionary Principle

organization:
School of Architecture, University of Texas

abstract:
Although it once took a position against this practice, the United States Council on Environmental Quality is currently on a potentially misguided course to institutionalize the long environmental assessment (EA) used to support “mitigated Findings of No Significant Impact (FONSI).”  The EA was initially conceived as a short concise document used to determine whether there may be significant impacts which would require a full environmental impact study. Today, however, agencies frequently rely on uncertain estimates based on inadequate data as to the value of future mitigation measures to support the FONSI and evade a full environmental impact study (EIS). Although the long EA may be similar in form, this paper argues that to allow it to effectively replace the EIS stabs at the very heart of our National Environmental Policy Act and its precautionary principal. Federal interagency work groups are working on recommendations which will address public participation, consideration of alternatives and mitigation monitoring for the “long EA.” However, unless there are clear requirements for statistical certainty, flimsy FONSI conclusions may undermine any subsequent analysis. There must be an honest admission of the possibility of significant impacts to force a real consideration of alternatives.

a2_org:
School of Architecture, University of Texas


abstract_title:
An integrated approach to impact assessment teaching and training: practice or critique?

add_contd:
Dept of Geography and Environmental Studies

abstract:
Teaching impact assessment (IA) in scholarly settings often seems to require a choice between providing training about how specific IA systems work and how one can become a functionary, or critiquing IA as part of the larger public environment and resource policy processes. This paper draws from recent writing and teaching experience to discuss integrated approaches to IA teaching and training that can help bridge the divide between the genuine need to provide instruction about IA as an administrative process, and the role of university education in fostering critical thinking and broad understanding of the social political dynamics that affect IA.  The role of scholarly institutions in IA teaching, the impact of IA research on training, and teaching links to administrative institutions are discussed.  There is an emphasis on the Canadian university experience.


abstract_title:
Impact pathway approach to health impact assessment: examples of European research projects

abstract:
The “impact pathway” methodology for health impact assessment is in Europe developed in research projects co-funded by the EC, aiming to contribute to the EU Environment and Health Action Plan (COM(2004) 416). While the projects focus on different issues and settings, the energy use and production always plays a prominent role, as it constitutes one of the largest pollutant sources impacting the environmental health. 

The project DROPS looks at health effects of selected persistent pollutants in relation to man-made emissions that are followed through the “impact pathway” towards their health effects and associated macroeconomic impacts. INTARESE is a pan-European integrated project developing theoretical framework (including integrated environment and health monitoring and surveillance) and applying it at environmental health in areas such as traffic or housing. PINCHE is a newly completed network of stakeholders in children’s environmental health reviewing for policy advice children’s environmental health relative to problem areas such as air pollutants, carcinogens, or neurotoxicants. These projects are all enhancing our theoretical knowledge, but more importantly, provide for a dialogue between scientists and other important societal actors including industries and central decision makers, and thus enhance chances for informed decision making on all levels.


abstract_title:
Biodiversity Considerations in the Mega-Hydroelectricity Project in Nepal

organization:
Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

abstract:
The 750 MW West Seti Hydroelectricity Project will have, inter alia, (a) a 195 m high concrete face rockfill storage dam, (b) 1,989 ha reservoir, (c) a re-regulation weir located 6 km downstream from the tailrace outlet, and (d) permanent access road totalling 20.3 km.

This project will remove 1,090 ha of vegetation permanently, including forests of Acacia catechu, Bassia butyracea, Dalbergia latifolia, and Aegle marmelos. The project will also remove 2,441 ha of potential existing fauna habitat on permanent project site including the inundation of the habitat of endangered Yellow Cheeked Tit. Twelve species of plants and 11 species of birds have conservation significance, and three herpetofauna species found in the project area are legally protected. Forty-seven avian species will benefit from the creation of the reservoir (new habitat) which will also serve as the major resting area for long-distance migratory species. 

Impact of the project on biodiversity deserves attention for detail analysis, and demands for concerted effort to implement measures for biodiversity conservation through EIA process.

Key words: Biodiversity, EIA, hydropower project


abstract_title:
Public consultation or the empowerment of elderly men?

abstract:
The Swedish Road Act states that public consultation must be carried out in connection with road planning. Usually this consultation manifests itself in the form of hearings. One of the goals of the Swedish Road Administration is to provide all people with an equal opportunity to travel, no matter what their gender, age or background might be. A pilot study has been carried out in order to evaluate the public consultation process undertaken in the Initial Study of the Stockholm Eastern Link with regard to the goal of equal opportunity. The study aimed at the perception of the participants in the consultation process. The study evaluated the results of a questionnaire, distributed on two occasions in 2004. Participants were required to respond to 13 statements, according to a six-graded scale. A 66 percent response rate was achieved for the first sample and 57 for the second. The questionnaires highlighted some interesting issues. First, the hearings were dominated by men. Second, an over representation of people older than 65 years could be identified. Also, the women who were present at the hearings gave a lower grade on average for the statement regarding the opportunity to have their opinion heard.

add_info:
Public consultation, public participation, road planning


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN     Use of SEA on Energy Sector in Turkey

abstract:
WITHDRAWN    Although EIA has been applied to individual investments as a legal framework, the problems mainly from industry and energy; transportation, housing, agriculture, tourism sectors have still been continuing and environmental problems are on the increase. One of the main causes of these problems is that EA for decision-making on sectoral planning is not yet mandatory in the Turkey. In recent years, SEA gains more importance gradually and it is accepted to be inevitable to be utilized in the early phases of governmental policies.
Turkey’s membership negotiations with the EU were started on October in 2005, now, EU standards have to be adapted in every area including SEA. In this context, the Ministry of Environment and Forest has developed a draft SEA regulation. However, it is clear that how SEA will be carried out and the determination of the related subjects will take time.
This article presents the findings from a research on examination of potential components of legal frameworks which would lead to routine SEA of governmental policies and integration of SEA into energy policy in Turkey.


abstract_title:
the adoption of improved charcoal stoves in urban zanzibar and its impact on rural forests

organization:
department of geography and envtal. management

abstract:
ABSTRACT

TITLE: The adoption of improved charcoal stoves in urban Zanzibar and its impact on rural forest

NAME: Makame, Makame Omar


 Fuel wood consumption per annum in Zanzibar is estimated to be 301,238m³.  This is almost 7783 ha loss of forest per annum. The majority of people still cook over traditional stoves, which consume much wood to the extent of deteriorating forest resources.

Since conventional fuels remain remote for the majority, improved charcoal stoves perceived as real option for reducing consumption of wood fuel in urban area and thus arresting the rate of deforestation. However, this can only be realized if the improved charcoal stoves are widely adopted within social systems. Diffusion itself results from a series of individual or any unit of adoption to begin using the new stoves. 

This paper will give the results of a research that is being carried out to assess the rate of adoption of improved charcoal stoves in urban Zanzibar and its impact on rural forests in Zanzibar.

Findings are expected to focus on energy policy requirements; in backing up adoption of technology related to fuel consumption and the danger of continuing use of fuel wood and its relation to forest destruction.

a2_org:
Institute of Resource Assessment - University of Dar-es-salaam


abstract_title:
Conflict impact assessment and risk management in practice: Oil companies working in developing countries.

organization:
International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility

add_contd:
International Centre Corporate Social Responsibility. Jubilee Campus. Wollaton Road.

abstract:
Potential risks that corporations face operating in conflict zones include threats to their investment, property, resources and personnel. In Colombia, the scenario to analyse is a civil war involving right-wingers, rebels groups and the armed forces. In this country, guerrilla forces have blown up the Caño Limon- Coveñas crude-oil pipeline with more than 500 terrorist attacks until now. The crude-oil pipeline extends 780kilometres crossing remote farmlands and high Andean mountains along the country with stakeholders such as farmers, fishermen, and indigenous people.

The Colombian Oil Company (ECOPETROL) has implemented risk assessments to identify the vulnerability of the operation. The risk assessment approach included the security risk factors that could have an impact on the corporate activities. ECOPETROL has carried out security programs to control and decrease the high risk of these attacks on the crude-oil pipeline and has developed corporate policy responses such as contingency plans to minimize or mitigate these risks. Furthermore, the company has implemented specific community programs to work with the different stakeholders of the project as well. 

This paper is designed to examine the strategies that the company has implemented to address the conflict impact while maintaining the business sustainability.


abstract_title:
Outcomes and complexities of an EIA for a hydroelectric dam in Mexico: The implications of introducing an interdisciplinary approach and the benefits of public participation in its early stages.

organization:
University Centre of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara,

street_add:
Carretera a Nogales Km. 15.5, Las Agujas

abstract:
The Mexican Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) hired the University of Guadalajara to coordinate the EIA of the “La Yesca” hydroelectric dam project, to be built on the Santiago river watershed in Western Mexico. A working group of about 45 specialists was selected to carry out the EIA. The proposed methodology fulfilled the requirements of the Mexican EIA system but also integrated international best practices. The specialists had different areas of expertise as well as different levels of experience regarding EIAs, therefore a series of interdisciplinary workshops were developed aiming to identify relevant impacts through the interaction of the group members and a process of mutual learning. Based on previous experiences on large infrastructure projects of both CFE and members of the working group, a public consultation process with different stakeholders and communities potentially affected by the project was introduced from the first stages of the assessment. 
This paper will on the one hand discuss the complexities of introducing an interdisciplinary approach as well as the local capacity building effect derived from it. On the other hand, it will show how early public participation can improve the scope of the EIA and reassure its integrity.


abstract_title:
General project for the environmental and recreational upgrading of the Vallette area

abstract:
The preliminary project is distinguished by:

Environmental evaluation works:
- recovery and revitalisation of the original watercourse of the Menago;
- recovery of the ecosystemic function along the Menago valley;
- creation of elements currently lacking in the area of a high environmental value;
- safeguarding and environmental upgrading of the historic agricultural sector.

Recreational and social upgrading works:
- connection of urban areas by cycle-pedestrian path;
- creation of usable areas alongside;
- internal connections and observation points in the central sections;
- coordinated, external cycle-pedestrian connection network with accessibility to the other urban recreational and leisure areas;
- educational – recreational upgrading of the area;
- safeguarding and cultural upgrading of the historic agricultural sector;
- actions, educational information.
The project stages are:
definitive/executive plan: March-June 2005
authorisation procedure: June-September 2005 
contracts: September 2005 
start of works: November 2005 
excavations and earth moving: November 2005 – Febuary 2006 
wooden gangway: January – February 2006
environmental and natural completion works: February 2006 – April 2006
final completion works: April – July 2006
management of the works and areas, launch: May 2006 – December 2009
Use and management
reduction in future management costs to the public body;
management according to public-private cooperation models;
usage with respect for the complex environmental conditions.

a3_org:
Consorzio di Bonifica Valli Grandi e Medie Veronesi


abstract_title:
A tool to identify the contribution of pollution sources and personal behaviour to inhaled dose

abstract:
Authorities have two responsibilities: for the environmental quality, and for public health. For public health, it may not be enough to think of environmental quality. It may be also necessary to deal with individual’s behaviour and habits. This is because the total amount of inhaled pollutants depends not only on the characteristics of pollution, but also on individual’s being in polluted environments for a certain time with certain activity levels.

In a EU co-funded research project we created a tool to assess simultaneously the effect of individual behaviour and the effect of measures to reduce particulate pollution. We have demonstrated the effect different behaviours have on inhaled particulate matter amounts in the same pollution situation. We simulated a family of four, mother working outside the home, father working at home, child aged 10 going to school and child aged 5 attending a kindergarten. The simulation shows that the children, whose school and kindergarten are near a medium-trafficated road, inhale most particles due to their active playing outdoors.

While traffic is the main source of particles in our case study in Oslo, the tool can equally easily be used for areas with other dominant energy production sources.

a4_org:
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.


abstract_title:
Strategic Environmental Assessment in the water sector: the Spanish experience with river basin and drought plans.

abstract:
According to the Water Framework Directive, all EU member states are now starting a planning process to elaborate the River Basin Management Plans, which should be approved by 2009. This paper describes how strategic environmental assessment is being carried out for these plans in Spain, emphasizing the way in which both the SEA process and the hydrological planning process are to be integrated. 
In addition, this paper presents another case of SEA which is currently being carried out in Spain: the strategic environmental assessment of the drought plans which are being elaborated for all river basins.


abstract_title:
WITHDRAWN     The evolution of the assessment in the field of the environment. The transit from EIA to SEA in Greece.

abstract:
WITHDRAWN        The fundamental Greek Law about the environment is the Law 1650/1986 about “the protection of the environment”. This law constituted a great step for the modernization of the Greek legislative framework about the protection of the environment.
Additionally, the Directive about Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that was incorporated in the Greek legislation established a system of ex-ante assessment, from the state, of the impacts that might have public and private plans. EIA consists, nowadays, a mature instrument with a life cycle of 35 years. During its life, both in Greece and in other member states, the environmental field, which is the main field of concern of EIA, has faced many changes. 
Until today the role of the assessor and evaluator in Greece has undertaken the EIA. Nevertheless, when it comes for the assessment of plans and programmes EIA seems not always to be sufficient and there emerged a need for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Strategic Environmental Assessment constitutes a motive and at the same time a challenge for Greece and the rest member states in order to promote a more sustainable and integrated way of assessing the impacts of plans and programmes.


abstract_title:
Domestic energy use in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh: Impacts of particulate matter on women and children

abstract:
Kanpur, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, has nearly 3 million inhabitants and considerable social and environmental challenges. A recent Indo-Norwegian collaborative study targeted population in lower social strata and focused on particulate exposures (domestic energy use, traffic) and respiratory health in urban residential area, urban slum area, nearby village, and the population of IITK campus. 

Sampling for PM2.5 and spirometry measurements were done in three seasons in each location, during up to 14 days each. 24-hour PM2.5 averages ranged between 42 microg/m3 at the campus and in the village in summer to over 340 microg/m3 in the urban residential and urban slum areas in winter. The study population (in all, over 210 persons, including 30 men and 50 children) showed marked differences in spirometry performance, with the urban slum population winter values for PEFR being markedly lower than expected, and the urban residential area performing second worse. Similar findings were seen for other spirometry parameters. There is also a strong indication that women perform worse than men. Thus, both social disparities and pollution load were shown to play a role in respiratory effects, strongly suggesting priorities for remedial actions.

add_info:
The study was done in collaboration between IITK Kanpur, GSVM Medical College Kanpur and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, funded by the INPIC program of Indo-Norwegian Institutional Collaboration.

a3_add:
G T Road, Kanpur 208001, Uttar Pradesh, Tel: +91 512 214 145, Fax:


abstract_title:
How do we seize the opportunities for health improvement and protection in Strategic Environmental Assessment?

abstract:
Who are the new heroes of public health and sustainability? 
This poster looks at key health issues raised in strategic environmental assessment (SEA). To add visual interest the poster is in the format of a Marvel comic.
Techniques for health impact assessment (HIA) are constantly developing. HIA needs to operate within the plan-making system and some policy-makers are looking to situate HIA within formal assessment processes. 
The European SEA Directive came into force on July 21st 2004. It applies to a wide range of plans and specifically requires the consideration of the likely ‘significant effects on human health’. 
This presents a major opportunity, at a strategic level, for identifying and addressing health issues, within the formal plan-making system. 
Internationally there are few examples of health input to SEA. The World Health Organisation has identified the need to develop capacity for health in SEA. 
This poster considers methodological issues: how should the significant impacts be identified, what is the role of SEA; and organisational issues: what is the status of health within a larger environmental report, how does the health sector contribute to spatial planning?

a2_org:
InteREAM (Interdisciplinary Research in Environmental Assessment and Management


abstract_title:
Power generation and biodiversity conservation at Cuyutlán Lagoon

job:
Technical Assistant - Environmental Section

organization:
Comisión Federal de Electricidad - Division of Construction

abstract:
EIA was conceived as a tool for predicting the environmental effects. However, EIA as scientific procedure, is useful for constructing project alternatives that can help the people obtain more benefits from the environment.

Manzanillo Power Plant (MPP), located near the port of Manzanillo, in the Pacific Coast of Mexico, uses fuel oil for electricity generation. The people living in the neighbouring regions of this plant have complained about the discomfort caused by gas emissions. The Mexican National Power Company has not been able to reduce gas emissions due to: First and foremost, technical limitations, since there is not enough room to install control equipment and there is no other fuel (natural gas) available in the region.

On the other hand, MPP operation is linked to Cuyutlán Lagoon, where continental water intake is low, the lagoon is shallow which creates a high rate of sediment deposit, there are fisheries and recreational activities as well. Since MPP water intake is located in the lagoon, the lagoon’s hydrodynamics benefit from MPP operation.

On this paper we describe how the environmental impact assessment helped us reach better environmental conditions for social welfare, and how it helped us to maintain the Lagoon resources.

a2_org:
Comisión Federal de Electricidad - Division of Construction


abstract_title:
Impact assessment and comprehensive planning of a development project: The Hydroelectric Project La Parota Case

abstract:
In Mexico there are regions where poverty and depletion of natural resources are joined in a vicious circle. Inhabitants exploit their resources, but their needs are not satisfied; therefore exploitation increases; resource depletion begins, and poverty becomes acute. 

We, the National Power Company of Mexico, think that if a project will be executed, we must generate social and environmental benefits for the region where it will be constructed. We analyse alternatives for satisfying the energy requirements and we decide supported by a comprehensive analysis (environmental, social and technical) that determine the cost-benefit of each option. EIA allows us to determine the relevant problems and their causes and to analyse the potential environmental effects. This information is used for project planning.

The environment where the hydroelectric project of La Parota will be constructed is deteriorated and the resources are overexploited and poverty and social exclusion are increasing. Under these conditions, the EIA carried out for determining project feasibility shows that it may be developed if it is designed considering multiple purposes of dam (water supply, irrigation, fisheries and ecotourism), since these new economic activities could help the people to increase their social welfare and to reduce the exploitation of resources.

a2_job:
Technical Assitant of Environmental Section


abstract_title:
MONITORING BIRD MIGRATION OF WIND POWER GENERATION: IMPACT AND POTENTIAL BIRD COLLISIONS IN THE SOUTH OF MEXICO

abstract:
Conflicts between bird conservation and other human interests may arise in a variety of situations. Technological advancements and progress at large may conflict with maintenance of bird migration. Wind-farms as a form of alternative energy sources may create problems for some bird species. The impact of wind farms on wildlife is worth mention as the wind industry well knows there have been some disastrous consequences for wildlife. In Mexico this technology is new. Several foreign companies will develop the largest wind-farms in Latin-American in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico. During 12 field work surveys in the last three fall bird migratory season more than 5 millions of migratory raptors mainly Turkey vulture,  Swainson hawk and broadwing hawk with a maximum of 70 m flying high were found around the potential site for the wind-farm corridor. There is a potential high risk that birds will collide with the wind turbines of 90 m high in operation because this area is one of the most important bird migration routes in the world. It can affect population of migrant birds that over-flies the turbines area. This study will provide information of potential risk of birds collision.


abstract_title:
Scenario Analysis for Evaluation of the Future Sustainability of an Energy System

abstract:
Planning for the future of a nation’s energy infrastructure is fraught with major uncertainties.  Scenarios are constructed worldwide as a tool to help decision-makers understand and begin to cope with such uncertainties, but it is not always clear what is best to be done today given a perhaps overwhelming number of future possibilities.  
In working to further transition to a sustainable energy infrastructure system in the Netherlands, we discover that in many cases our visions of the future depend heavily on technology developments that are not certain.  Taking into account these uncertainties, we argue that flexibility of the energy infrastructure today and in the near future is a desirable step toward eventual sustainability.  We discuss the use of our analysis of scenarios existing in the literature to evaluate the flexibility of the energy system in the Netherlands and the anticipated outcomes of various policy measures.


abstract_title:
Indicator-based sustainability assessment of housing and settlement structures within the metropolitan area of Ho Chi Minh City

organization:
Department of Environmental Planning; Brandenburg Technical University (BTU) Cottbus

abstract:
The paper presents significant initial experiences of a sustainability assessment (SA) research project of housing and settlement policies at the urban planning level in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. This research project is financed as part of the new research programme “Megacities of Tomorrow” by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The objective is to develop an integrated approach to sustainable development of housing and settlement structures to balance urban growth and redevelopment in HCMC. The initial two-year phase of the project runs from 2005 to 2007.
The contribution outlines the methodology of an indicator-based SA and SEA. Urban and regional planning within the metropolitan area of HCMC has been identified as one of the critical policy areas that will need a SA framework to evaluate effectiveness of planning policies based on quantitative and qualitative baselines for urban indicators. A special focus will be laid on methodological issues of sustainability goals and their spatial representation by urban indicators for the evaluation of housing and settlement strategies. The overall objective of the GIS-based sustainability indicator framework is to promote a better understanding of environmental and social impacts of planned developments in HCMC.


abstract_title:
Facing the past: legacy issues and impact assessment on a major hydropower project in Tajikistan

abstract:
Large-scale hydropower development in Central Asia is reviving following a period of stagnation after the collapse of the Soviet Union, driven by public sector demand for increased power generation and private sector demand for cheap power for smelting aluminium. Old plans are being reviewed, but the development context has changed radically. In particular, the need for international financing brings with it safeguard policies and participatory processes, and some states no longer have the resources or capacity to provide permanent alternative livelihoods to displaced citizens.

In Tajikistan a project to build the world’s highest dam has been revived and is at feasibility study stage. The study’s integrated social and environmental impact assessment faces major challenges due to multiple legacy effects including the physical and social consequences of civil war, damaged and partly completed civil works, pre-Independence resettlement activities, severe economic stress, a transitional legal and institutional framework, and very limited exposure of all project partners to international development concepts and financing agency policies and procedures. Under these circumstances, a prerequisite for implementing credible impact assessment and resettlement planning processes is the creation of enabling conditions - especially for dialogue and transparency - by awareness-raising amongst the project partners.


abstract_title:
Impact Assessment for Small-Scale Development Activities

more_authors:
I would be pleased to turn this into a longer topic stream if demand were sufficient and serve as Chair.  d

abstract:
Impact Assessment for Small-Scale Development Activities

The latest training and best practice materials developed under USAID’s Africa Bureau Environmental Capacity Program (ENCAP) for environmentally sound design and management of small-scale activities are reviewed.  The ENCAP program has existed since 1995.  Required procedures for review of proposed low risk, medium risk and high risk small scale activities are applied to projects implemented by USAID partners.  Training in the use of these procedures is also required by USAID, as well as the use of environmentally sound sectoral best practice.  A summary of the organizational process for presenting a five day ENCAP course training with case sites is presented, as well as the content of the USAID Africa Bureau’s Environmental Guidelines for Small Scale Activities in Africa.  A walkthough of the ENCAP website www.encapafrica.org is also provided. 

Other presentations on impact assessment for small-scale activities are also encouraged for this session.


abstract_title:
ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) into territorial planning in case of the new Hungarian Spatial Development Concept (RDC)

organization:
Váti Hungarian Public Non-Profit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning Strategic Planning Directorate

abstract:
The authors believe that the regional dimension of sustainability is at least as important as the global one, and the territorial planning is the most important trustee of validation of sustainable principles. Thus one of the main functions of territorial planning must be the enhancement of sustainability in transparent regional systems via harmonising economic, social, environmental factors of a given region, mobilising its endogenous resources.
Territorial planning can play the above role only in case of sound integration of sustainability: the integration has to be implemented in different forms from the early phase of a planning process, beyond the simple environmental impact assessment of a plan.
The planning process of SDC was the first on policy level that dealt with environmental integration issues. SDC has got an environmental related texture inside that is consisted of vertical (aims) and horizontal (principles) considerations. In this manner, those features that need direct interventions became vertical aims, and the others that are to be validated in each and every development actions became horizontal principles. The SDC also defined some tools of creating a sustainable regional planning system. 
SDC provides adaptable solutions for a deeply integrated SEA approach for territorial policies.

a2_org:
Váti Hungarian Public Non-Profit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning Strategic Planning Directorate


abstract_title:
La Parota, Social response to the Hydro electrical Power Project

abstract:
Mexico has important hydric resources to use in hydroelectrical projects. Nowadays, there are two important dams in progress to provide the electrical power from 2008 until 2020. One of them is called “El Cajon” in the northwest state of Nayarit. The other is “La Parota” located in South state of Guerrero, near to Acapulco. Both projects have their Environmental Impact approval by the Mexican government and the EIA includes physical, biological and social analysis. However the response of peasants “ejidatarios” and land owners have been very different. Meanwhile “El Cajon, land acquisition and people relocated process out of basin was being easy “La Parota” dam has a lot of social problems with a large opposition. The purpose of this paper is to figure out what went wrong in the social impact analysis, the main problems and which would be the better way to solve it in order to launch the La Parota dam construction.


abstract_title:
Environmental Assessment in Canada:  The Next Generation

more_authors:
Scott Streiner and Peter Sylvester are co-presenters and co-authors.

abstract:
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN CANADA: THE NEXT GENERATION
 
Scott Streiner, Ph.D., Vice President, Program Delivery and
Peter Sylvester, Vice President, Policy Development
Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
 
Canada’s environmental assessment (EA) regime has existed in some form for over three decades.  There is widespread acceptance that EA is an integral part of efforts to reconcile the imperatives of economic development and environmental sustainability.  However, Canada’s EA regime has come under growing criticism in recent years for three reasons: fragmented governance, both within the federal government and between that government and its provincial counterparts; a purported failure to take adequate account of indigenous peoples’ rights and interests; and an alleged lack of attention to the broad regional and cumulative impacts of proposed projects.  This paper will begin with a brief overview of the development of Canada’s EA regime.  It will then examine each of the three criticisms noted above, and outline some of the current and proposed measures that respond to them.  It will conclude with a discussion of where the EA system in Canada is likely headed, and a brief exploration of possible lessons of the Canadian experience for other countries facing similar challenges.

add_info:
Scott Streiner and Peter Sylvester are co-presenters and co-authors.


abstract_title:
Detroit River International Crossing Project -- Public Participation in an International Transportation Project

add_contd:
Place de Ville, Tower C, 19th Floor, (AHSA)

abstract:
The Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC) Project is a coordinated effort by the governments of Canada, the United States, Ontario and Michigan to examine options for adding border crossing capacity in Windsor-Detroit.

The purpose of this coordinated environmental assessment is to provide for the safe, efficient and secure movement of people and goods across the Canada-U.S. border while maintaing acceptable local traffic movement and minimizing impacts on affected communities.

This border crossing is vitally important to the local, regional and national economies. At the same time, the issues associated with planning new transportation infrastructure of this magnitude is highly complex.  Moreover, the study must be designed to meet the environmental assessment requirements of each jurisdiction.

This study provides a practical example of how a coordinated EA process can be effectively implemented for a complex project.  In Canada specifically, it demonstrates coordination of federal and provincial EA legislation.

This paper will summarize the DRIC Study, highlighting challenges and solutions identified by the project team to date, including: competing scheduling interests (too fast versus too slow); early engagement of government agencies (gaining agreement on information needs early in the process), and the implementation of a comprehensive public consultation program.

a2_job:
Manager, Planning, Windsor Project Office


abstract_title:
Technology and Public Participation Methods

abstract:
Current international and European Community legislation requires provision for citizen involvement in the assessment of potential environmental effects of certain plans, programmes and projects. An international on-line survey, carried out as part of ongoing research, revealed that public participation is common practice in most European countries. Expert opinion differs when evaluating the effectiveness and impact of existing participative methods. A number of issues are observed to hinder public involvement in EIA/SEA processes. 

The survey focused on methodological approaches and addresses technology-aided information and communication methods such as GIS. These methods are perceived as having the potential to break down communicative, educational, social and gender barriers inherent in traditional public participation structures. Similarly, GIS can overcome logistical obstacles to public consultation by increasing community knowledge and improving involvement through communicating information more effectively. Variable accessibility to technology and data quality remain issues. Combinating GIS with more conventional ways of gathering, evaluating and presenting data offers a solution to the need to enhance the integration of public perceptions into environmental assessment processes.

This paper discusses the survey findings, proposes measures for making GIS feasible and available to the general public, and makes recommendations to improve current public participation methods.

a5_org:
School of Biology and Environmental Science


abstract_title:
Sustainability Assessment - A Case Study Involving the Process and Response to Resource Needs

abstract:
Assessment of resource sustainability is a logical integrator for the findings of a cumulative effects assessment study at a programmatic level. This case study relates to the mainstem of the Ohio River, and illustrates a process for qualitatively connecting the effects of multiple past, present, and future actions to selected indicators of sustainability for six valued environmental components (VECs). The strategic-level study involved the development of an infrastructure investment plan for maintaining and upgrading the existing waterway navigation system. The six VECs include water quality, fish, freshwater mussels, riparian habitat, health and safety, and water-based recreation. Three sustainability categories (not sustainable, marginally sustainable, and sustainable) were defined for each VEC and used to classify the assessment findings for past, present, and future conditions. Sustainability needs were then identified for both aquatic (water quality, fish, and mussels) and riparian resources. Delineation of scientific and institutional measures for addressing these needs was accomplished via regional subject matter experts engaging in “brainstorming” sessions. The resultant measures were then categorized regarding their potential effectiveness for sustainability promotion, relative costs, and implementability. As a consequence, sustainability enhancement plans were recommended in the resultant integrated feasibility report and programmatic environmental impact statement.


abstract_title:
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLANS

organization:
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service

abstract:
Fishery Management Plans (FMP) are used to manage marine fisheries in the United States.  These plans are subject to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and, therefore, involve environmental impact statements or assessments.  A growing challenge for such NEPA documentation is to address the cumulative effects of both past and present fishing and non-fishing actions on the managed species, as well as future FMP measures and non-fishing actions on such species. These challenges are exacerbated by the large geographic range and varied habitats of the managed species' life stages, migratory fish stocks, overlapping fishing areas, and scientific uncertainties. Despite these challenges, cumulative effects assessment can be accomplished via the systematic application, and adaptation as appropriate, of the Council on Environmental Quality’s 11-step process. Recommended approaches include the use of conceptual models for depicting the scientific and institutional factors influencing the species. Further, the development of structured tables is recommended for qualitatively describing the connections between various actions and the managed species, non-target species, essential fish habitat, protected species, and human communities. Trade-off considerations related to balancing the sustainability of the managed species and the economically-dependent communities will also be described.

a2_org:
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service

a3_org:
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service

a5_org:
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service


abstract_title:
Towards Sustainable Mobility between Québec and Saguenay

abstract:
In the context of sustainable development, Transports Canada and Transports Québec support sustainable mobility projects, which increase efficiency and improve mobility and security of the national highway system and help reduce GHG emissions along trade corridors. Twinning 167 km of Highway 175, of which 134 km are in a wildlife reserve in the heart of the boreal forest, is a good example of this. The project, linking an urban centre to a Nordic region, was driven by socio-economic objectives and provided an opportunity to set an example of sustainable mobility by adding environmental objectives. The environmental assessment is an excellent tool for integrating sustainable mobility into the project planning. For this project, it led to the development of new concepts for protecting fishing resources, a list of creative mitigation measures to reduce the effects of the project on the environment and to an innovative project to compensate for the inevitable loss of fish and wetland habitat. The fragility of the wildlife reserve made it necessary to promote stakeholder awareness of this environment. To materialize the sustainable mobility character of this project, a training and awareness program and detailed environmental monitoring and follow-up programs will be implemented.


abstract_title:
Promoting sustainability of marine fisheries through impact assessment

abstract:
The environmental impact assessment process for marine fisheries management actions in the US supports key elements of sustainability, emphasizing fully informed decision-making based upon the best available scientific information.  The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) serves as an “umbrella” law and process.  In addition to requiring specific impact analyses, the NEPA process serves to facilitate the integration of requirements of other important laws such as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) and the Endangered Species Act(ESA).  Together, these laws require the use of the best available scientific information, a transparent public process, the prevention of overfishing, monitoring, mitigation of adverse environmental impacts, and protection of threatened species in marine fisheries management. More specifically, sustainability conditions for managed species are annually or bi-annually determined based on monitoring of selected indicators and the use of sophisticated stock assessment modeling. Annual to bi-annual decisions on “allowable catch” are based on forecasted sustainability conditions and management measures for enhancing fishery sustainability. These decisions are documented via the preparation of environmental assessments or impact statements.


abstract_title:
Is there value in public participation processes in environmental assessment decision making?

abstract:
In South Africa, open deliberation is becoming a popular form of decision-making, where the involvement of the public is seen as a means of improving democratic processes while at the same time increasing the sustainability of decisions. Most Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) applications legally require public participation (PP)processes, however, what has emerged from much literature on public participation in EAs is how limited PP really is. This paper focus’ on case studies of EIA projects in the West Rand of Johannesburg, where the outcome of EIAs have been examined in an attempt to identify the value of the PP process. This examination of the role of the PP process focuses on the value of the process in influencing decision-makers. While it is assumed that the process will contribute positively to decisions being made, these cases highlight that although the process contributes to the public’s involvement, the weighting given to PP and the concerns of the residents was minimal. Therefore, although the process is intended to promote the social aspect of sustainable development, its value in EA's is in many cases over-rated, where the authorities do not take the concerns of the community into consideration.


abstract_title:
Ecophysiographic study for more environmental spatiall planning.

abstract:
Spatial planning is a first stage where environmental protection measures can be applied, where their costs are much lower then at the latter stages, and the oucomes are more visible. However, before planner can think of environmental issues while planning,  there must be a tool to inform and make him aware of  existing and potential environmental issues, problems and conflicts that can be created due to bad spatial decisions.

Polish planning system, although permanently under construction and rebuilding, has created a tool that is called “physiographic study”. In recent years ther was a shift toward more sustainable planning and hence we have “ecophysiographic study” now. Ecophysiographic study is a tool that can be used to inform a planner, and help him to make more sustainable and more environmentaly friendly decisions while planning.

This paper shows a real life examples how “ecophysiographic study” helped to develop more sustainable spatial plans. Good ecophysiographic study is also the best starting point for strategic environmental assesment of a proposed spatial plan, and together with SEA creates a framework for environmentally friendly planning process in Poland.


abstract_title:
Capacity Development for SEA application in the Newly Independent States (NIS)

abstract:
Capacity Development for SEA application in the Newly Independent States (NIS)  

So far, four NIS countries have signed the SEA Protocol to the UNECE Espoo Convention. Relevant factors affecting transposition of the SEA Protocol requirements in the NIS countries are:
•	Environmental assessment of plans and programmes is currently regulated by the, for the region, unique system, different from that outlined by the SEA Protocol, in its purpose, role of key players and the specific procedural requirements. Current EA systems can be characterized by low level of participation and transparency;
•	Not sufficient capacity for SEA of plans and programmes resulting in rare application in practice.  

Reflecting on the above, UNDP and the REC, with inputs from the UNECE, have carried out project (in 2004-2006) to support capacity development for SEA application in the selected NIS countries. SEA pilots were implemented in Armenia and Belarus, and capacity development (CD) manuals for the SEA Protocol implementation were elaborated in Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine. 

The aim of the presentation is to present: (a) CD approach and framework applied within the project, and (b) lessons learned including future opportunities and remaining challenges for the effective SEA systems development in the NIS region.

a2_org:
Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe

a3_job:
Project Manager, Environmental Assessment team

a3_org:
The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe


abstract_title:
LNG Regasification Terminals in Mexico and their Relationship with Poverty and Social Conflict.

abstract:
The Mexican industrial complex is changing its energy supply source from oil and coal to natural gas because of economic concerns and, to a lesser extent, environmental awareness, creating pressure on national resources. In response, the market has created the need of an external supply of natural gas and the infrastructure to heat it and transport it to the final user.
There have been five LNG Regasification terminals evaluated in Mexico since 2002, three have been approved but they still have some major hurdles to overcome before they can start construction, most dealing with social rejection due to a misrepresentation of information where environmental issues become irrelevant. Thus, public participation and awareness through public forums becomes very important in the decision-making process for this type of project. 
A greater supply of cleaner (and cheaper) energy sources results in an increase in productivity directly linked to better quality of life both in terms of economic and environmental aspects.
Case studies are presented to better understand the EIA and decision-making processes, as well as the obstacles overcome in order to guarantee sustainable development of Mexico’s energy infrastructure.


abstract_title:
Hazardous Waste landfill in Mexico and its relationship with poverty and social conflicts

job:
Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment Evaluator

abstract:
It is estimated that the generation of industrial hazardous wastes in Mexico is around 8 million tons a year.  It is considered that only 10% is well managed, the rest is placed within the industrial facilities or it is disposed with inadequate procedures.

In Mexico, the legislation imposes the way a site is selected for hazardous waste landfills, sites that sometimes impact regions far away from urban zones, affecting people who live in extreme poverty. On the other site, these are the places that, due to their characteristics, are suitable to comply with the law guaranteeing environmental viability for these kinds of projects.  In these cases, environmental impact assessment is an invaluable tool for decision making focused on two important points, establishing useful and environmentally safe infrastructure for adequate management of hazardous wastes and reduction of poverty in marginalized zones.

Two study cases are presented within the same economically depressed region, demonstrating the importance of public participation during the environmental management of a project, where the benefit perception of the community determines the cancellation of a project at the cost of its own benefit or its continuity against international pressure.


abstract_title:
Social Impacts of the Second Home Boom:  The Case of the Jersey Shore

organization:
School of Tourism & Hospitality Management, Temple University

abstract:
Analysts in Europe and the USA have noted a boom in the second home market.  The purpose of this paper is to examine change in the number and share of second homes along the 127-mile long Atlantic coast of New Jersey and to investigate implications these changes have had on property values, rents, and demographic characteristics of their communities.  Communities that had a higher percentage of housing stock in second homes in 2000 compared to 1990 tended to also have higher rates of household poverty in 2000 than in 1990.  At the same time an increase in percentage of second home units was related to higher median values for owner-occupied units.  This study reinforces the idea that second home development is accompanied by winners and losers.  Communities with more second home units have lower median incomes than are found elsewhere in the study area.  Yet, owner-occupied units in these communities are more valuable than those found elsewhere.  Equity issues related to this pattern of results should be investigated.  Finally, if long-time residents are priced out of these areas the implications go beyond residential succession and may begin to threaten business and community viability.


abstract_title:
Traial of including EA in project appraisal system in Lao PDR

organization:
Department of Investment Monitoring and Evaluation, Committee for Planning and Investment

abstract:
Lao PDR has just started trying to include Environmental Assessment into project appraisal system since 2005. Before then Committee for Planning and Investment, that is a responsible organization for final appraisal of all sectors projects, did not know Environmental consideration at all. We have just developed a comprehensive format for project proposal and project appraisal manual. Because of existence of EIA regulation in developing our system we had discussed with Science Technology and Environment Agency, which is a responsible organization for EIA, and agreed with both procedures of EIA audit and project appraisal. Now we are changing our decrees and regulations of project appraisal. We are going to introduce our trial and procedures and if possible we would like to exchange information EIA cost or approval system with other countries.

a2_job:
Monitor and evaluator of Public Investment Project

a2_org:
Department of Investment Monitoring and Evaluation, Committee for Planning and Investment

a3_org:
Department of General Planning, Committee for Planning and Investment

a4_org:
Department of General Planning, Committee for Planning and Investment

a5_org:
Enterprise Development Consultants Co. Ltd.


organization:
Peace Initiative International for Africa (PIIA)

street_add:
2nd Floor, Oriyomi House: 41, Idiroko Road

add_contd:
Sango-Ota, P.O Box 14391, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

more_authors:
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Adejare Somorin is an Executive Director of the Peace Initiative International for Africa (PIIA), a think-tank he founded in 2001, he has spent much of his professional career promoting peace and development in Nigeria. He also a founder of Global Peace Institute based in Nigeria.

He coordinates the Institute’s on-the-ground efforts in conflict zones, including nonviolent conflict strategies, facilitated dialogue, and post conflict reconstruction.

As an Executive Secretary of the board presently, he developed, monitored, training, and institutional development in international relations, human rights, peace building, peacemaking and reconciliation.  His work in Africa has focused on devising programmes to build up civil society institutions and seeking methods to mitigate ethnic and religious conflict.

He served as a member peace and security on Copenhagen NGO-Conference 2005 in preparation for the Millennium+5 Summit in Denmark.
He received an Advanced Diploma in Accountancy and Post Graduate Diploma in Financial Management; he is a Certified Financial Consultants (CFC) USA/Canada.

abstract:
Abstract
Within the next 20years, more poor and under-nourished people in developing countries will live in cities than in the countryside. Although, malnutrition in the cities is often not as severe as in rural areas, there are pockets of urban malnutrition that can rival the poorest areas of the countryside.  Given that poverty originates in rural areas, it seemed appropriate to fight it there. Doing so, however, proved to be much more difficult than just raising slogans. One reason for this was domestic politics in poor countries like ours. Much of the current and future urbanization in developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia is occurring as a result of rural-urban migration and the transformation of rural areas to urban centre. One way to reduce the pressure on cities is for developing countries governments to invest in the rural areas, particularly in the agricultural sectors-the base of the economy in most developing countries. The scope of this paper is the interdependency between the rural and urban lifestyle and livelihood with major emphasis on the trend of events and comparisons between rural and urban happenings as they unveil most especially in the developing countries.


abstract_title:
LESSONS FROM 30 YEARS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN QUEBEC : THE CASE STUDY OF HYDROELECTRIC DAMS

abstract:
The Law on Environmental Quality of the Quebec province was promulgated in 1974 and established among others, regulations on environmental impacts assessment (EIA).  Thirty years later, we can wonder what has been done and what is still to be done? The analysis focuses on hydroelectric projects. Three time periods are established (1970-1985; 1985-1996; 1996-2005) based on a specific set of norms, rules, regulations and practices. For each of them, two hydroelectric projects are selected according to the size of the project, the type of dam (with or without reservoir), the amount of energy produced, and the data available. The analysis is based on the following categories (World Commission on Dams, 1997): process, external communication, project costs, watershed used, reservoir, social dimension and follow-up. These case studies allow showing a number of changes that happened since the 1970’s as well as how they contributed to sustainable development. Evolution is noticed regarding a few dimensions such as the increase in social consideration in the EIA, especially with the involvement of local populations, or an increase in the follow-up. This study allows us to make a number of recommendations for the future EIA practices in Quebec.


abstract_title:
EIA Systems in Latin America: the way forward

abstract:
All Latin American countries  have adopted Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) as the primary environmental instrument. This paper presents a comparative review of the EIA systems in the Latin American Region as part of building an effective regulatory framework for environmental management in the region. EIA practices are compared across all sectors and government ministries, relative to existing legislation and international EIA standards. The review also focuses on the diverse EIA models (centralized, decentralized), and on EIA effectiveness, firstly as a process for project approval and then as a tool for environmental management over a life-cycle basis. The systems are compared on screening and scoping criteria to identify projects with significant impacts, and how the systems are aligned with environmental priorities in the Latin American countries. The analysis include both  procedural and substantive aspects. Recommendations are proposed to improve current procedures and suggest alternative approaches consistent with best international EIA practice.


abstract_title:
Integration of Biodiversity in Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Nepal

job:
Co-ordinator, Environmental Engineering and Management Program

organization:
Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)

abstract:
Biodiversity is strongly tied up with the livelihood of the majority of the population in Nepal and is a major concern in the sites identified for implementing development projects. Thus, it remains to be the major element of discussion and analysis in these EIA reports. In these contexts, the aim of this paper is to reflect upon the consideration of biodiversity followed in current EIA process. The specific objectives are:
•	To portray the level and extent of integration of the issues of biodiversity in approved EIA reports in Nepal 
•	To evaluate the existing impact assessment methods and identify the gaps by comparing them with the government policies and commonly followed norms and principles. 

The findings in this paper were based primarily on the secondary information available regarding the Environmental Impact Assessments, in general and the consideration of biodiversity issues in EIA processes, in particular. At least ten approved EIA reports prepared for: hydropower projects, highway and roads, water supply projects, waste management projects, tourism projects and industries were reviewed. The information on the biodiversity consideration, in different steps of EIA, such as screening, scoping and impact assessment was reviewed and analyzed.

a2_org:
Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology


abstract_title:
Integration of Environmental Management System and EIA in the Swedish National Rail Administration

abstract:
The two management tools Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management System (EMS) are often used in isolation. This is the case also at the Swedish National Rail Administration. Environmental information and decisions expressed in the EIA during the planning of a project are seldom transferred to the construction phase and further to the operational phase and the EMS. Any continuous environmental monitoring is usually not based on the findings in the EIA. The lack of integration of the management tools, and the poor transfer of information have had a negative effect on the follow-up of the environmental outcome of rail projects. 

A research study has been initiated with the aim to improve the environmental monitoring within the Rail Administration by exploring ways of combining EIA and EMS. Three rail projects are being examined from the planning stage through construction to operation. The focal stage is the handing over of the project to the administration for continual operation. Based on findings from the case studies, a model will be developed for the integration of EIA and EMS. The model will facilitate the integration of EIA decisions with the operational EMS, which will improve the environmental outcome of rail projects.


abstract_title:
Proactive SH&E Management in the front end loading phases of a project - a Chemical Industry perspective

abstract:
To ensure incorporation of cleaner technologies and inherent safety principles in the design of a chemical / petrochemical complex, proactive SH&E management is required.  The importance of identifying and evaluating the SH&E risks - associated with the different project alternatives - during the front end loading phases of a project in order to ensure adequate management thereof, were realised.  Processes, templates and guidelines were subsequently developed to improve the manner in which SH&E aspects are identified, assessed and managed during projects.


abstract_title:
CORRUPTION-INEQUALITY IMPACTS ON POVERTY AND SUSTAINABILITY

abstract:
Corruption, inequality, and poverty are sustainability antagonists.Developing metrics and indicators for assessing their impacts    and related linkages will increase the understanding of the associated   outcomes,enable prediction, adaptation, premption, interventions, and provide the foundation for causal analysis. Do prevailing "values quality” interact with “economic productivity” to result in progress or poverty? What indicators can be generated to help measure poverty and sustainability? These question we explored by use of structured correlation and regression analysis. Using arrays of Transparency International's Corruption Perception Indicator (CPI) aganst correponding UNDP's Inequality( Gini) and Human Develpoment Indicators(HDI)three novel and robust development measures were generated: *"Value DevelopmentIndex"[VDI]=[2CPI]/[Gini>19].
"Sustainable Development Index"[SDI]= square root of([VDI][HDI])...[conjugation product of values and productivity capitals.
"Poverty Vulnerability Index"[PVI]=[1]-[SDI]..  the difference between Sustainable Develpoment and Total Development Index
(constant=1.0). 
All three indicators correllated strongly with HDI, and correlated more than HDI with income,  life expectancy,education,voice(empowerment) and rule of law. Corruption:Inequality ratios more than insolventcy accentuated poverty by attenuating sustainability. Poverty is phenotypic of measurable "values" and  "productivity" conjugation products- that express as inefficient sustainability yields- from undue processes of environmental metabolism.


